真正的 \"FPGA至简设计原理与应用_v3.3_v1(含大纲).pdf 内容 FPGA至简设计原理与应用.......................................................................................................1 第一篇FPGA基础知识...........................................................................................................13 第一章FPGA简介...........................................................................................................13 第1节什么是FPGA..................................................................................................13 第2节FPGA的基本结构.........................................................................................13 第3节更为复杂的FPGA架构..................................................................................14 第4节带嵌入式处理器的FPGA................................................................................15 第5节数据存储以及配置方式...................................................................................16 第二章FPGA开发流程....................................................................................................17 第1节功能定义/器件选型.........................................................................................18 第2节设计输入(Design Entry)............................................................................18 第3节功能仿真(RTL-Simulation).........................................................................18 第4节综合优化(Synthesis)..................................................................................19 第5节综合后仿真.....................................................................................................19 第6节布局布线(Place & Routes).......................................................................19 第7节时序仿真(Timing).......................................................................................19 第8节板级仿真与验证..............................................................................................20 第9节编程与调试.....................................................................................................20 第三章硬件描述语言VERILOG........................................................................................20 第1节Verilog的历史...............................................................................................20 第2节综合和仿真.....................................................................................................21 2.1综合.....................................................................................................................21 2.2仿真.....................................................................................................................22 2.3可综合设计.........................................................................................................23 第3节模块结构.........................................................................................................25 3.1模块介绍.............................................................................................................25 3.2模块名和端口定义.............................................................................................26 3.3参数定义.............................................................................................................26 3.4接口定义.............................................................................................................26 3.5信号类型.............................................................................................................27 3.6功能描述.............................................................................................................27 3.7模块例化.............................................................................................................27 第4节信号类型.........................................................................................................28 4.1信号位宽.............................................................................................................28 4.2线网类型wire.....................................................................................................28 4.3寄存器类型reg...................................................................................................29 4.4 wire和reg的区别..............................................................................................29 第5节功能描述-组合逻辑.........................................................................................31 5.1程序语句.............................................................................................................31 5.2数字进制.............................................................................................................33 5.3算术运算符.........................................................................................................38 5.4逻辑运算符.........................................................................................................46 5.5按位逻辑运算符.................................................................................................51 5.6关系运算符.........................................................................................................55 5.7移位运算符.........................................................................................................56 5.8条件运算符.........................................................................................................61 5.9拼接运算符.........................................................................................................70 第6节功能描述-时序逻辑.........................................................................................71 6.1 always语句.........................................................................................................71 6.2 D触发器..............................................................................................................72 6.3时钟.....................................................................................................................75 6.4时序逻辑代码和硬件.........................................................................................75 6.5阻塞赋值和非阻塞赋值.....................................................................................79 第四章FPGA开发平台介绍............................................................................................80 第1节开发环境.........................................................................................................80 第2节软件界面.........................................................................................................80 第3节第一个上板例程..............................................................................................81 3.1新建工程.............................................................................................................82 3.2代码设计.............................................................................................................87 3.3编译设计电路.....................................................................................................91 3.4引脚分配.............................................................................................................93 3.5编程及配置FPGA器件......................................................................................94 3.6在线调试.............................................................................................................96 3.7固化程序.............................................................................................................96 第五章在线逻辑分析仪-SIGNALTAP..............................................................................100 第1节软件原理.......................................................................................................100 第2节软件界面.......................................................................................................101 第3节使用流程.......................................................................................................103 第4节案例说明.......................................................................................................106 第二篇FPGA至简设计原理..................................................................................................108 第一章高效编辑器GVIM................................................................................................108 第1节基本技巧.......................................................................................................113 1.1补全命令...........................................................................................................113 1.2跳转命令...........................................................................................................114 1.3搜索命令...........................................................................................................116 1.4删除复制命令...................................................................................................118 第2节高级技巧.......................................................................................................119 2.1替换命令...........................................................................................................119 2.2列删除方法.......................................................................................................122 2.3列插入方法.......................................................................................................125 第二章多用模板专注设计................................................................................................127 第1节至简设计法模板总表.....................................................................................127 第2节模板演示.......................................................................................................128 2.1模块设计模板...................................................................................................128 2.2时序逻辑模板...................................................................................................130 2.3组合逻辑模板...................................................................................................134 2.4计数器模板.......................................................................................................136 2.5状态机模板.......................................................................................................142 2.6测试文件模板...................................................................................................145 2.7 reg类型代码模板.............................................................................................146 2.8 wire类型代码模板...........................................................................................148 2.9输入信号定义模板...........................................................................................149 2.10输出信号定义模板.........................................................................................152 2.11 initial语句模板...............................................................................................154 第三章实验平台..............................................................................................................155 第1节MP801开发板............................................................................................155 1.1硬件资源总览...................................................................................................155 1.2 Led灯................................................................................................................156 1.3数码管...............................................................................................................156 1.4拨码开关...........................................................................................................157 1.5按键...................................................................................................................157 1.6蜂鸣器...............................................................................................................158 1.7温度传感器.......................................................................................................159 1.8 EEPROM存储器................................................................................................159 1.9 VGA显示...........................................................................................................160 1.10 SDRAM存储器................................................................................................160 1.11千兆网口.........................................................................................................161 1.12 USB串口.........................................................................................................161 1.13 DA转换芯片...................................................................................................162 1.14 AD转换芯片...................................................................................................162 1.15摄像头插口.....................................................................................................162 第四章FPGA至简设计法规范.......................................................................................164 第1节波形图规则...................................................................................................164 第2节计数器规范...................................................................................................165 第3节状态机规范...................................................................................................168 第4节接口规范.......................................................................................................170 第5节FIFO规范...................................................................................................171 第三篇FPGA至简设计项目实践..........................................................................................175 第一章1位闪烁灯设计..................................................................................................175 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................175 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................177 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................178 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................178 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................179 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................184 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................188 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................188 4.2综合...................................................................................................................192 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................193 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................194 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................195 4.6上板...................................................................................................................196 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................197 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................197 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................200 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................209 第二章4位闪烁灯.........................................................................................................209 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................209 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................209 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................211 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................211 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................212 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................216 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................220 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................220 4.2综合...................................................................................................................224 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................225 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................226 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................227 4.6上板...................................................................................................................228 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................229 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................229 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................233 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................241 第三章PWM呼吸灯......................................................................................................242 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................242 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................243 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................244 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................244 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................245 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................251 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................255 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................255 4.2综合...................................................................................................................259 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................260 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................261 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................262 4.6上板...................................................................................................................262 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................263 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................264 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................267 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................276 第四章串口通信..............................................................................................................277 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................277 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................283 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................284 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................284 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................286 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................294 第4节综合工程和上板............................................................................................298 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................298 4.2综合...................................................................................................................302 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................303 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................304 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................305 4.6上板...................................................................................................................306 4.7串口调试...........................................................................................................307 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................308 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................308 5.2综合工程和上板...............................................................................................312 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................322 第五章数码管动态扫描...................................................................................................323 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................323 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................326 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................327 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................327 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................329 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................336 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................340 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................340 4.2综合...................................................................................................................343 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................344 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................346 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................347 4.6上板...................................................................................................................347 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................348 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................349 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................353 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................361 第六章秒表功能..............................................................................................................362 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................362 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................362 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................363 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................363 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................364 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................371 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................376 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................376 4.2综合...................................................................................................................380 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................381 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................382 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................383 4.6上板...................................................................................................................384 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................385 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................385 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................393 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................401 第七章数字时钟..............................................................................................................402 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................402 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................402 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................403 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................403 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................404 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................417 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................426 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................426 4.2综合...................................................................................................................431 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................431 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................433 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................434 4.6上板...................................................................................................................434 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................435 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................436 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................450 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................459 第八章VGA显示颜色....................................................................................................460 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................460 1.1 VGA介绍...........................................................................................................460 1.2 VGA管脚...........................................................................................................460 1.3 VGA色彩原理...................................................................................................462 1.4显示器扫描方式...............................................................................................462 1.5 VGA时序...........................................................................................................463 1.6至简设计法VGA原理图..................................................................................465 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................468 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................469 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................470 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................471 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................476 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................481 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................481 4.2综合...................................................................................................................486 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................486 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................488 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................489 4.6上板...................................................................................................................489 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................490 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................491 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................498 5.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................502 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................506 第九章VGA显示矩阵....................................................................................................507 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................507 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................507 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................508 3.1顶层接口...........................................................................................................508 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................510 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................515 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................520 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................520 4.2综合...................................................................................................................525 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................525 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................527 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................528 4.6上板...................................................................................................................528 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................530 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................530 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................538 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................546 第十章VGA显示圆.......................................................................................................547 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................547 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................548 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................549 3.1顶层接口...........................................................................................................550 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................551 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................557 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................562 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................562 4.2综合...................................................................................................................566 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................567 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................569 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................570 4.6上板...................................................................................................................570 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................572 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................572 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................579 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................587 第十一章VGA显示图片................................................................................................588 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................588 1.1 IP核概述...........................................................................................................588 1.2 ROM IP核..........................................................................................................589 1.3图片转成初始化文件.......................................................................................589 1.4生成ROM IP核.................................................................................................590 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................595 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................597 3.1顶层接口...........................................................................................................597 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................599 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................606 第4节综合工程和上板............................................................................................613 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................613 4.2综合...................................................................................................................616 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................617 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................619 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................620 4.6上板...................................................................................................................620 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................621 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................622 5.2综合工程和上板...............................................................................................630 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................638 第十二章信号发生器和DA转换.....................................................................................639 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................639 1.1信号发生器.......................................................................................................639 1.2 DA转换.............................................................................................................640 1.3 DA9709的时序.................................................................................................642 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................643 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................647 3.1顶层接口...........................................................................................................647 3.2信号设计...........................................................................................................649 3.3信号定义...........................................................................................................659 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................668 4.1新建工程...........................................................................................................668 4.2综合...................................................................................................................673 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................673 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................675 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................676 4.6上板...................................................................................................................676 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................677 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................678 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................693 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................702 第十三章FIR滤波器设计..............................................................................................703 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................703 1.1 FIR和IIR滤波器...............................................................................................703 1.2 FIR滤波器的原理.............................................................................................703 1.3 FIR滤波器的设计.............................................................................................707 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................711 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................716 3.1顶层接口...........................................................................................................717 3.2正弦信号设计...................................................................................................719 3.3 FIR滤波器设计.................................................................................................724 3.4 DA接口信号设计.............................................................................................735 3.5信号定义...........................................................................................................736 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................744 4.1添加文件...........................................................................................................744 4.2综合...................................................................................................................745 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................745 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................747 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................748 4.6上板...................................................................................................................749 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................751 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................751 5.2正弦信号设计...................................................................................................752 5.3综合与上板.......................................................................................................773 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................780 第十四章插值滤波器设计................................................................................................781 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................781 1.1多采样率数字滤波器.......................................................................................781 1.2抽取...................................................................................................................781 1.3内插...................................................................................................................782 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................784 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................786 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................786 3.2正弦信号设计...................................................................................................788 3.3 CIC滤波器设计.................................................................................................790 3.4 DA接口信号设计.............................................................................................799 3.5信号定义...........................................................................................................800 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................805 4.1添加文件...........................................................................................................805 4.2综合...................................................................................................................806 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................807 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................809 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................810 4.6上板...................................................................................................................810 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................812 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................812 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................827 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................833 第十五章AD采集..........................................................................................................834 第1节项目背景.......................................................................................................834 1.1 AD转换.............................................................................................................834 1.2开发板AD原理图............................................................................................834 1.3 AD9280的控制时序.........................................................................................835 第2节设计目标.......................................................................................................836 第3节设计实现.......................................................................................................837 3.1顶层信号...........................................................................................................837 3.2正弦信号设计...................................................................................................839 3.3 DA接口信号设计.............................................................................................845 3.4信号定义...........................................................................................................845 第4节综合与上板...................................................................................................851 4.1添加文件...........................................................................................................851 4.2综合...................................................................................................................856 4.3配置管脚...........................................................................................................857 4.4再次综合...........................................................................................................859 4.5连接开发板.......................................................................................................860 第5节简化版步骤分享............................................................................................867 5.1设计实现...........................................................................................................868 5.2综合与上板.......................................................................................................879 第6节扩展练习.......................................................................................................893
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