发表了主题帖： Follow me第二季第1期 Adafruit Circuit Playground Express汇总

本帖最后由 wolegequ2015 于 2024-10-11 05:08 编辑     第二次参加Follow me活动了，这次使用Adafruit Circuit Playground Express这块板子，对开源硬件和circuit有了更深入了解，参考资料丰富。从中学习到不少知识技能。期望后面能继续参加更多活动 视频介绍   物料清单         主要用到的物料有         1.Adafruit Circuit Playground Express         2.M5STAMPS3         因为Adafruit Circuit Playground Express板子外设资源十分丰富，完成任务可以完全靠板子上外设，但是我想拓展增加联网的功能，所以增加了一块M5STAMPS3，用于网络连接。   .本次完成任务的实物展示如下：         除了两个板子，还需要自备一个半圆外壳用于制作不倒翁。   入门任务        这次参加活动我使用的是circuitPython这个编程语言。板子上已经集成了一个led，通过图示可以看出led连接到Pin13。初始化led后，每隔一秒钟翻转io口的电平。实现led的驱动。     初始化io口为输送模式，代码和流程图如下。使用sleep函数，每隔一秒钟翻转一次io口电平。 import time import board import digitalio led = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D13) led.switch_to_output() button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.BUTTON_A) button.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.DOWN) while True: if led.value: # button is pushed led.value = False else: led.value = True #led.value = ~led.value time.sleep(1)        任务一 控制板载炫彩LED     板子已经集成了10个单总线led。控制板载的ws2812灯珠主要用到的库是neopixel，这个库固件已经集成导入即可使用。初始化的灯珠为10个，使用Circuit Python的好处是可以不关注引脚和原理图，。初始化能一键配置好。用户只需要考虑应用的设计。 这里参考官方的例程，通过流水灯的方式逐步点亮所有的led灯。当一个颜色循环结束后，切换颜色进行下一轮的循环。 代码和流程图如下。 import time import board from rainbowio import colorwheel import neopixel pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness=0.2, auto_write=False) # choose which demos to play # 1 means play, 0 means don't! color_chase_demo = 1 flash_demo = 1 rainbow_demo = 1 rainbow_cycle_demo = 1 def color_chase(color, wait): for i in range(10): pixels[i] = color time.sleep(wait) pixels.show() time.sleep(0.5) RED = (255, 0, 0) YELLOW = (255, 150, 0) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) CYAN = (0, 255, 255) BLUE = (0, 0, 255) PURPLE = (180, 0, 255) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) OFF = (0, 0, 0) while True: if color_chase_demo: color_chase(RED, 0.1) # Increase the number to slow down the color chase color_chase(YELLOW, 0.1) color_chase(GREEN, 0.1) color_chase(CYAN, 0.1) color_chase(BLUE, 0.1) color_chase(PURPLE, 0.1) color_chase(OFF, 0.1)             在任务一中，尝试使用网络功能来实现无线控制led灯点亮和关闭，这里需要使用到M5STAMPS3这块板子，由于我对circuitpython wifi部分并不熟悉，这里对M5STAMPS3使用arduino进行程序开发         首先用M5STAMPS3创建一个热点，手机连上热点后，访问http://192.168.4.1/H或者http://192.168.4.1/L网址，即可控制M5STAMPS3的3号引脚输出高或低电平。         M5STAMPS3部分程序如下： #include <WiFi.h> #include <WiFiClient.h> #include <WiFiAP.h> #define LED_BUILTIN 3 // Set the GPIO pin where you connected your test LED or comment this line out if your dev board has a built-in LED // Set these to your desired credentials. const char *ssid = "MERCURY_3BE8111"; const char *password = "asdf1245"; WiFiServer server(80); void setup() { pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); Serial.begin(115200); Serial.println(); Serial.println("Configuring access point..."); // You can remove the password parameter if you want the AP to be open. // a valid password must have more than 7 characters if (!WiFi.softAP(ssid, password)) { log_e("Soft AP creation failed."); while(1); } IPAddress myIP = WiFi.softAPIP(); Serial.print("AP IP address: "); Serial.println(myIP); server.begin(); Serial.println("Server started"); } void loop() { WiFiClient client = server.available(); // listen for incoming clients if (client) { // if you get a client, Serial.println("New Client."); // print a message out the serial port String currentLine = ""; // make a String to hold incoming data from the client while (client.connected()) { // loop while the client's connected if (client.available()) { // if there's bytes to read from the client, char c = client.read(); // read a byte, then Serial.write(c); // print it out the serial monitor if (c == '\n') { // if the byte is a newline character // if the current line is blank, you got two newline characters in a row. // that's the end of the client HTTP request, so send a response: if (currentLine.length() == 0) { // HTTP headers always start with a response code (e.g. HTTP/1.1 200 OK) // and a content-type so the client knows what's coming, then a blank line: client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK"); client.println("Content-type:text/html"); client.println(); // the content of the HTTP response follows the header: client.print("Click <a href=\"/H\">here</a> to turn ON the LED.<br>"); client.print("Click <a href=\"/L\">here</a> to turn OFF the LED.<br>"); // The HTTP response ends with another blank line: client.println(); // break out of the while loop: break; } else { // if you got a newline, then clear currentLine: currentLine = ""; } } else if (c != '\r') { // if you got anything else but a carriage return character, currentLine += c; // add it to the end of the currentLine } // Check to see if the client request was "GET /H" or "GET /L": if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /H")) { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // GET /H turns the LED on } if (currentLine.endsWith("GET /L")) { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // GET /L turns the LED off } } } // close the connection: client.stop(); Serial.println("Client Disconnected."); } }         Adafruit Circuit Playground Express的A1脚连接到M5STAMPS3的3脚，当A1脚检测到高电平时，打开LED，低电平时关闭LED。         Adafruit Circuit Playground Express部分程序如下： import time import board import digitalio from rainbowio import colorwheel import neopixel pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness=0.2, auto_write=False) color_chase_demo = 1 flash_demo = 1 rainbow_demo = 1 rainbow_cycle_demo = 1 def color_chase(color, wait): for i in range(10): pixels[i] = color time.sleep(wait) pixels.show() time.sleep(0.5) RED = (255, 0, 0) YELLOW = (255, 150, 0) GREEN = (0, 255, 0) CYAN = (0, 255, 255) BLUE = (0, 0, 255) PURPLE = (180, 0, 255) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) OFF = (0, 0, 0) led = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.D13) led.switch_to_output() button = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.A1) button.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP) while True: if button.value: # button is pushed led.value = True color_chase(YELLOW, 0.1) else: led.value = False #led.value = ~led.value color_chase(OFF, 0.1) time.sleep(0.1)         程序流程图如下：              实物LED打开状态：                  实物LED关闭状态：       任务二 监测环境温度和光线        监测环境的温度和光线，这里用到的是板载的温度传感器和光线传感器。 Circle Python内部已经集成了这个温度传感器的和光线传感器的驱动库。        温度传感器的例程可以转换成摄氏度和华氏度，这里使用最常用的单位摄氏度。这里舒适度转换的方式是以25度为基准，当温度越接近38度时，红色led的亮度越高，提醒人打开空调降温。。        光照传感器，是通过abc来读取传感器的电压值。从数据可以看出。光的强度越高的时候，ADC采集到的电压也越高。这里舒适度的显示方式是反向的，当光线强度较高的时候led熄灭。当光线不足时，led亮起提示人注意开灯。 代码和流程图如下。 import time import board import neopixel import analogio import adafruit_thermistor from rainbowio import colorwheel pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness=.05, auto_write=False) pixels.fill((0, 0, 0)) pixels.show() thermistor = adafruit_thermistor.Thermistor( board.TEMPERATURE, 10000, 10000, 25, 3950) RED = (255, 0, 0) WHITE = (255, 255, 255) light = analogio.AnalogIn(board.LIGHT) while True: temp_c = thermistor.temperature print(light.value) l=(int(255*(65535-light.value/65535)),int(255*(65535-light.value/65535)),int(255*(65535-light.value/65535))) print(l[0]) tem=(temp_c-25)/13 RED = (int(tem*255), 0, 0) pixels[1]=RED pixels[2]=l pixels.show() time.sleep(1)     任务三 接近检测        接近检测中，我使用了上一个任务的光照传感器。报警使用板载扬声器和LED。为了应对在不同光照条件下检测需求，防止误触发。首先上电后会先采集当前环环境的光照强度。因为自然的光照强度并不会突然发生变化。当有物体靠近时光照强度会发生剧烈的变化。设定阈值，当检测数据超过阈值时，发出警报。        警报是通过板载的扬声器。发出类似蜂鸣器的警报声。频率为440赫兹。当触发警报时，警报响5秒钟。并且led发红光警报。 代码和流程图如下。 import time import array import math import board import digitalio import analogio from rainbowio import colorwheel import neopixel try: from audiocore import RawSample except ImportError: from audioio import RawSample try: from audioio import AudioOut except ImportError: try: from audiopwmio import PWMAudioOut as AudioOut except ImportError: pass # not always supported by every board! FREQUENCY = 440 # 440 Hz middle 'A' SAMPLERATE = 8000 # 8000 samples/second, recommended! # Generate one period of sine wav. length = SAMPLERATE // FREQUENCY sine_wave = array.array("H", [0] * length) for i in range(length): sine_wave[i] = int(math.sin(math.pi * 2 * i / length) * (2 ** 15) + 2 ** 15) # Enable the speaker speaker_enable = digitalio.DigitalInOut(board.SPEAKER_ENABLE) speaker_enable.direction = digitalio.Direction.OUTPUT speaker_enable.value = True RED = (255, 0, 0) OFF = (0, 0, 0) pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness=0.2, auto_write=False) def color_chase(color, wait): for i in range(10): pixels[i] = color time.sleep(wait) pixels.show() time.sleep(0.5) audio = AudioOut(board.SPEAKER) sine_wave_sample = RawSample(sine_wave) light = analogio.AnalogIn(board.LIGHT) temp=light.value while True: #audio.play(sine_wave_sample, loop=True) # Play the single sine_wave sample continuously... print(light.value) if (abs(light.value-temp))>2000: color_chase(RED, 0) audio.play(sine_wave_sample, loop=True) time.sleep(5) # for the duration of the sleep (in seconds) audio.stop() # and then stop. temp=light.value color_chase(OFF, 0) else: temp=light.value time.sleep(1) color_chase(OFF, 0)     任务四 不倒翁设计        不倒翁硬件部分是通过一个半圆的球。这里需要用到板载的加速度传感器。以及板载的串行灯珠。使用加速度传感器检测当前的倾斜角度。并使用led显示在当前倾斜的最中心线最低点在哪个角。        加速度的传感器检测到的是xyz三个角的倾角。这里需要通过数学转换。如下图转换成向量。然后根据向量再点亮具体的led灯。这里需要注意的是，为了防止误触发，需要对角度啊设置一个阈值。当检测到x或者y超过某个范围之后才开始。触发led的指示灯。     代码流程图如下 import time import board import busio import adafruit_lis3dh import math import array from rainbowio import colorwheel import neopixel # import neopixel_off OFF = (0, 0, 0) RED = (255, 0, 0) pixels = neopixel.NeoPixel(board.NEOPIXEL, 10, brightness=0.2, auto_write=False) # i2c = board.I2C() # lis3dh = adafruit_lis3dh.LIS3DH_I2C(i2c) i2c = busio.I2C(board.ACCELEROMETER_SCL, board.ACCELEROMETER_SDA) lis3dh = adafruit_lis3dh.LIS3DH_I2C(i2c, address=0x19) # Set range of accelerometer (can be RANGE_2_G, RANGE_4_G, RANGE_8_G or RANGE_16_G). lis3dh.range = adafruit_lis3dh.RANGE_2_G a1=0 while True: # Read accelerometer values (in m / s ^ 2). Returns a 3-tuple of x, y, # z axis values. Divide them by 9.806 to convert to Gs. x, y, z = [ value / adafruit_lis3dh.STANDARD_GRAVITY for value in lis3dh.acceleration ] print("x = %0.3f G, y = %0.3f G, z = %0.3f G" % (x, y, z)) if (abs(x) > 0.3) or (abs(y) > 0.3): if x > 0: if y < 0: y = -y a1 = math.atan(x / y) else: a1 = 1.57 + math.atan(y / x) print(a1) print(12 * a1 / 6.28) # a1=math.atan(x/y) elif x < 0: x = -x print("x = %0.3f G, y = %0.3f G, z = %0.3f G" % (x, y, z)) if y < 0: y = -y a1 = 4.71 + math.atan(y / x) else: a1 = 3.14 + math.atan(x / y) print(a1) print(10 * a1 / 6.28) b=int(10 * a1 / 6.28) print(b) for i in range(10): pixels[i] = OFF pixels[b] =RED pixels.show() else: b=0 # print(a1) # print(12*a1/6.28) # Small delay to keep things responsive but give time for interrupt processing. # print(math.asin(1)) for i in range(10): pixels[i] = OFF pixels.show() time.sleep(0.2)     项目源码 https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/wolegequ2015/634254   心得体会         之前对Circuit Python的使用并不多，经过参加这次的活动，发现这门语言对于开发来说是十分便捷的，然常用的库都有，相对于之前用c来开发单片机，速度有明显的提升，对于一些原型概念设计场景，效果明显优于传统开发工具。Adafruit的库和开发工具一如既往的优秀。  

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