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shazhongjin

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2024-10-07
发表了主题帖：【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪

本帖最后由 shazhongjin 于 2024-11-1 17:56 编辑 **首先感谢 DigiKey得捷 | 电子工程世界EEWorld 举办的Follow me活动，与得捷电子一起解锁开发板的超能力！** ## 前言大家好，我是沙忠金，一名电子小白。本期的主板Arduino UNO R4 WiFi，前期几期一直在使用MicroPython 以及 CircuitPython，对于Arduino一直只是门外汉。一直停留在听说过从来未使用过。一直感觉Arduino会很难有抵触情绪在里面。也是借着这次任务学习一下Arduino。本次任务还有一个很吸引的点就是，可以学习一下开发板如何与HomeAssistant连接以及传输数据。毕竟有再多再好的板子没使用场景、没有想法也是沦为吃灰的玩具。恰好新房子刚刚装修，也是在考虑智能家居的实际应用场景，新房最担心的就是空气质量、甲醛等问题了。那么本次主题为“【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪” ## 项目介绍本项目包含以下内容：入门任务（必做）：搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) 基础任务（必做）：驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) 进阶任务（必做）：通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant）搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) 扩展任务(必做，二选一，或根据自己的兴趣，自定义类似难度或更高难度的任务并完成） ■ **扩展任务一：通过外部LTR-329 环境光传感器，上传光照度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据** 搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)、[5591](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/5591/16733167)（LTR-329光传感器扩展板）、[PRT-14426](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/sparkfun-electronics/PRT-14426/7652739)（Qwiic缆线-50mm） ■ **扩展任务二：通过外部SHT40温湿度传感器，上传温湿度到HA，通过HA面板显示数据** 搭配器件： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539)、[4885](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/4885/13694670)（SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板）、[PRT-14426](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/sparkfun-electronics/PRT-14426/7652739)（Qwiic缆线-50mm）本项目视频及源码： - 视频 [【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪视频展示](https://training.eeworld.com.cn/video/41250) - 源码 [【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪代码展示](https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/shazhongjin/634545) ## 开箱及展示购买的配件有： [Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) [4885](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/4885/13694670)（SHT40温湿度传感器扩展板）开箱全家福： ## 任务成果展示及说明 ### 一、入门任务搭建环境并开启第一步Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！ #### 1. 硬件介绍本期使用主板是：[Arduino UNO R4 WiFi](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/arduino/ABX00087/20371539) 是一款基于32位Arm® Cortex®-M4 Renesas RA4M1微控制器，具有用于 Wi-Fi® 和蓝牙连接的ESP32模块，具备强大的计算能力和多种连接功能。该板SRAM 32kB，闪存256kB，时钟频率为48MHz，USB端口升级为USB-C，并且最大电源供应电压增加到24V。该板提供了一个CAN总线，允许用户通过连接多个扩展板来最小化布线并执行不同的任务。板载的Qwiic 连接器可以方便地创建即插即用风格的项目。 ![](https://content.arduino.cc/assets/Newsletter%20Formats%20-2.gif) ![](https://www.eeworld.com.cn/huodong/digikey_follow_me_2024_02/image/Arduino_UNO_R4_WiFi_pinout.png) #### 2. 搭建开发环境 1. 访问arduino官网 [https://www.arduino.cc/](https://www.arduino.cc/) ，在官网中点击SOFTWARE进入IDE下载界面。 2. 在Downloads下根据您的操作系统选择适合的安装程序，这里我们选择第一项Windows Win 10 and newer，64bits 3. 找到下载的安装程序“arduino-ide_2.3.2_Windows_64bit”安装后，运行IDE。 4. 点击在左侧开发板管理，也可以通过菜单“工具——开发板——开发板管理”。安装Arduino UNO R4 Boards， 5. 将开发板连接电脑，点击菜单“工具——端口”选择开发板板的端口。可以在连接前后对比多出来的端口就是开发板端口。 6. 点击菜单“工具——开发板”选择Arduino UNO R4 Boards——Arduino UNO R4 WiFi。 7. 随后我们就可以在主界面上来切换不同端口的开发板设备了。 #### 3. Blink / 串口打印Hello EEWorld！ 1. 我们同时间隔1s控制板载LED灯开与关，以及向串口输出“Hello EEWorld！”。点击上传等待代码编译及上传后。 2. 点击IDE右上角的“串口监视器”就可以看到开发板向电脑串口输出的消息了。这里还需要注意，开启串口的波特率要与串口监视器的波特率一致才能接收到消息。 #### 4. 软件流程图 #### 5. 代码展示 Follow_me2_task1.ino ``` c++ void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial) delay(10); } void loop() { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); delay(1000); Serial.println("Hello EEWorld！"); } ``` 运行展示 [localvideo]9e5a6e8bb2eb97005b46f5355cf24585[/localvideo] ### 二、基础任务驱动12x8点阵LED；用DAC生成正弦波；用OPAMP放大DAC信号；用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线。这个任务中有多个任务，我们逐一击破。 #### 1. 驱动12x8点阵LED； **Arduino UNO R4 WiFi** 带有一个内置的 12x8 LED 矩阵，可用于编程以显示图形、动画、充当界面，甚至玩游戏。 ![](https://docs.arduino.cc/static/4e8781177f9c3fe0b5a60c9b7dbf1199/4ef49/matrix-closeup.png) IDE中为我们提供了丰富的示例项目，帮助我们更快的了解每种功能的使用方法。我们也可以通过官方提供的 LED 矩阵工具[Led Matrix Editor (arduino.cc)](https://ledmatrix-editor.arduino.cc/)来自定义自己的动画。然后点击右上角代码图标，生成下载“animation.h”。 ##### 1. 软件流程图 ##### 2. 代码展示 Follow_me2_task2_1.ino ``` c++ #include "Arduino_LED_Matrix.h" #include ArduinoLEDMatrix matrix; const uint32_t animation[][4] = { { 0xfff801bd, 0xd8018018, 0x31801fff, 66 }, { 0xfff801bd, 0xd8018018, 0x71801fff, 66 }, { 0xfff801bd, 0xd8018818, 0x71801fff, 66 } }; void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); // you can also load frames at runtime, without stopping the refresh matrix.loadSequence(animation); matrix.begin(); // turn on autoscroll to avoid calling next() to show the next frame; the parameter is in milliseconds // matrix.autoscroll(300); matrix.play(true); pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); } void loop() { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); delay(1000); } ``` ##### 3. 视频展示 [localvideo]f91a2ee6b0d3fe0e316b75dbc3ba1742[/localvideo] --- 更多详细用法参考官方文档：[使用 Arduino UNO R4 WiFi LED 矩阵 |Arduino 文档](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/led-matrix/) #### 2. 用DAC生成正弦波； **DAC** —— Analog to Digital Converter 用于将数字信号转换为模拟信号。由于没有示波器，这里使用开发板的DA0接口来采集正弦波。连接示意如下： ##### 1. 软件流程图 ##### 2. 代码展示 Follow_me2_task2_2.ino ``` c++ #include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation analogWave wave(DAC); // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin int freq = 100; // in hertz, change accordingly void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200 wave.sine(freq); // Generate a sine wave with the initial frequency wave.amplitude(0.5); //幅值倍数 } void loop() { Serial.print(analogRead(A5)); delayMicroseconds(100); } ``` 读取的波形展示 ##### 3. 视频展示 [localvideo]5853938174ca279838fb5265ae035094[/localvideo] --- 更多详细用法参考官方文档：[Arduino UNO R4 WiFi Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) | Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/dac/) #### 3. 用OPAMP放大DAC信号； OPAMP —— Operational Amplifier 运算放大器，是一种用途广泛且应用广泛的电子元件，属于模拟集成电路类。它的主要功能是放大电压信号，但它们的用途非常广泛，可用于： - 将输入电压镜像到其输出， - 放大一个小的模拟电压到其输出引脚，UNO R4 的输出电压范围为 0 至 ~4.7 V， - 比较两个输入电压并给出二进制“更高”或“更低”输出， - 集成和区分信号。连接示意如下： #### 4. 用ADC采集并且打印数据到串口等其他接口可上传到上位机显示曲线。 ##### 1. 软件流程图 ##### 2. 代码展示 Follow_me2_task2_4.ino ``` c++ #include "analogWave.h" // Include the library for analog waveform generation #include analogWave wave(DAC); // Create an instance of the analogWave class, using the DAC pin int freq = 200; // in hertz, change accordingly void setup() { Serial.begin(2000000); // Initialize serial communication at a baud rate of 115200 analogReadResolution(14); wave.sine(freq); // Generate a sine wave with the initial frequency wave.amplitude(0.5);//幅值倍数 OPAMP.begin(OPAMP_SPEED_HIGHSPEED); } void loop() { Serial.print(analogRead(A4)); Serial.print(","); Serial.println(analogRead(A5)); delayMicroseconds(100); } ``` 编译上传代码，在IDE点击“串口绘图仪”查看 ##### 3. 视频展示 [localvideo]23c5d804b62cadfe75a6d1042ffcb81e[/localvideo] ### 三、进阶任务通过Wi-Fi，利用MQTT协议接入到开源的智能家居平台HA（HomeAssistant） #### 1. 硬件介绍 | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | Arduino UNO R4 WiFi | [Getting Started with UNO R4 WiFi Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/r4-wifi-getting-started/) | | | Adafruit Sensirion SHT40 Tempera | [Adafruit Sensirion SHT40, SHT41 & SHT45 Temperature & Humidity Sensors Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-sht40-temperature-humidity-sensor) | | #### 2. 环境配置 ##### 1. HomeAssistant搭建首先我们先搭建homeassistant环境，这里我使用unraid系统。相较于windows或者是linux上使用命令行会容易许多。直接在工作台首页中点击“应用”，在应用页面下搜索“homeassistant”。unraid会列出忧患homeassistant的应用。第一个为直接docker拉取镜像的core版的ha，第二个为通过docker安装的虚拟机版的ha也就是os版ha。各个版本差异如下：这里我就直接安装docker版ha，安装时需要配置下webui的端口号8123默认即可。点击应用后就会自动拉取镜像并且运行。在浏览器中输入\[IP]\:\[PORT\] 我这里是http://192.168.2.200:8123/，进入homeassistant的webui界面。 ##### 2. MQTT服务器搭建在工作台首页中点击“应用”，在应用页面下搜索“emqx”。只有一个搜索结果，我们直接安装就好了。安装后容器自动运行。在浏览器中输入\[IP]\:\[PORT\] 我这里是http://192.168.2.200:18083/，进入emqx的webui界面。 ##### 3. 配置MQTT 进入homeassistant的webui界面，点击左侧设置标签，在页面中点击设备与服务。在右下角点击添加集成，在弹出的选择品牌或集成对话框中输入“mqtt”。然后选择第一个MQTT。输入MQTT服务器的地址、端口、用户名及密码，这里我的homeassistant与emqx在同一网段内，这里我直接填写内网的IP地址，端口为默认的1883。连接成功后会提示“成功”，并设置区域。这里直接点击完成即可。配置完成后，MQTT设备以及实体情况。 #### 3. 软件流程图 1. 初始化： - 设置Wi-Fi和MQTT参数。 - 初始化串口通信。 - 初始化SHT4x传感器。 2. Wi-Fi连接： - 尝试连接到指定的Wi-Fi网络，最多重试5次。 - 连接成功后，输出连接成功的消息。 3. 传感器初始化： - 初始化SHT4x传感器，设置精度和加热器配置。 - 输出传感器初始化完成的消息。 4. MQTT连接： - 连接到MQTT服务器。 - 设置设备名称、软件版本和传感器图标等。 5. 主循环： - 每隔5秒读取温湿度传感器数据。 - 将读取到的数据通过MQTT发送到Home Assistant。 - 处理按钮命令，控制板载LED的开关状态。 #### 4. 代码展示 Follow_me2_task3.ino ``` c++ #include "WiFiS3.h" #include "SPI.h" #include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h" #include "ArduinoHA.h" #include "arduino_secrets.h" #include "arduino_mqtt.h" char sta_ssid[] = SECRET_STA_SSID; // your network SSID (name) char sta_pass[] = SECRET_STA_PASS; // your network password (use for WPA, or use as key for WEP) char addr[] = MQTT_BROKER_ADDR; int port = MQTT_BROKER_PORT; char username[] = MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME; char password[] = MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD; int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; // Sensor read intervals (in milliseconds) const unsigned long sensorCInterval = 5000; // other Sensor read intervals 5s const unsigned long reconnectInterval = 600000; // Last time the sensors were read unsigned long previousMillisC = 0; unsigned long previousMillisReconnect = 0; WiFiClient client; // Arduino Home Assistant integration HADevice device("arduino"); //HADevice device(mac, sizeof(mac)); HAMqtt mqtt(client, device); Adafruit_SHT4x sht4 = Adafruit_SHT4x(); HASensor sht4_temperature_sensor("sht4_temperature_sensor"); HASensor sht4_relative_humidity_sensor("sht4_relative_humidity_sensor"); HAButton board_led("board_led"); void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial) delay(10); Adafruit_SHT4x_Init(); reconnect(); device.setName("arduino uno r4 wifi"); device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setName("Temperature"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("°C"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setName("Humidity"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("%"); board_led.setIcon("mdi:fire"); board_led.setName("Click me A"); board_led.onCommand(onButtonCommand); mqtt.setKeepAlive(60); mqtt.begin(addr,port,username,password); } void loop() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); mqtt.loop(); char tempbuffer[10]; char humibuffer[10]; // 非阻塞读取sht40传感器数据 5s if (currentMillis - previousMillisC >= sensorCInterval) { previousMillisC = currentMillis; // 获取温湿度传感器sht40数据 sensors_event_t humi, temp; sht4.getEvent(&humi, &temp); Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.print(temp.temperature); Serial.println("℃"); Serial.print("Humidity: "); Serial.print(humi.relative_humidity); Serial.println("% rH"); dtostrf(temp.temperature, 6, 2, tempbuffer); dtostrf(humi.relative_humidity, 6, 2, humibuffer); sht4_temperature_sensor.setValue(tempbuffer); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setValue(humibuffer); } } void onButtonCommand(HAButton* sender) { if (sender == &board_led) { if (digitalRead(LED_BUILTIN) == HIGH){ digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); Serial.println("LED light off"); } else{ digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); Serial.println("LED light on"); } } } void reconnect() { Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID: "); Serial.print(sta_ssid); int i = 0; while (status != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); status = WiFi.begin(sta_ssid, sta_pass); i++; if (status == WL_CONNECTED){ Serial.println("Connected to WiFi successfully"); //Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); break; } if(i == 5) break; delay(5000); } } void Adafruit_SHT4x_Init() { Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initializing..."); if (!sht4.begin(&Wire1)) { Serial.println("Couldn't find SHT4x"); while (1) delay(1); } Serial.println("Found SHT4x sensor"); Serial.print("Serial number 0x"); Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX); // You can have 3 different precisions, higher precision takes longer sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION); switch (sht4.getPrecision()) { case SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION: Serial.println("High precision"); break; case SHT4X_MED_PRECISION: Serial.println("Med precision"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_PRECISION: Serial.println("Low precision"); break; } // You can have 6 different heater settings // higher heat and longer times uses more power // and reads will take longer too! sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER); switch (sht4.getHeater()) { case SHT4X_NO_HEATER: Serial.println("No heater"); break; case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("High heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("High heat for 0.1 second"); break; case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("Medium heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("Medium heat for 0.1 second"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("Low heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("Low heat for 0.1 second"); break; } Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initialization Completed"); } ``` arduino_mqtt.h ``` c++ // MQTT服务链接 #define MQTT_BROKER_ADDR "emqx.inversedesign.net" // 这里输入你的mqtt服务器地址 #define MQTT_BROKER_PORT 1883 #define MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME "arduino uno r4 wifi" #define MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD "arduino uno r4 wifi" ``` arduino_secrets.h ``` c++ // 双引号中输入你的 WIFI 账号密码 #define SECRET_STA_SSID "" #define SECRET_STA_PASS "" ``` #### 5. 视频演示 [localvideo]378f3ed02ebee24b3df64150ff8b19e3[/localvideo] ### 四、扩展任务 #### 1. 硬件介绍 | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | -------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Arduino UNO R4 WiFi | [Getting Started with UNO R4 WiFi Arduino Documentation](https://docs.arduino.cc/tutorials/uno-r4-wifi/r4-wifi-getting-started/) | | | Adafruit Sensirion SHT40 Tempera | [Overview Adafruit Sensirion SHT40, SHT41 & SHT45 Temperature & Humidity Sensors Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-sht40-temperature-humidity-sensor) | | | 攀藤PMS7003——颗粒物传感器 | [PMS7003---激光颗粒物传感器-南昌攀藤科技有限公司 (plantower.com)](https://www.plantower.com/products_16/8.html) | | | 盛思锐SCD41——co2传感器 | [SCD41-突破CO₂ 传感器尺寸壁垒 (sensirion.com)](https://sensirion.com/cn/products/product-catalog/SCD41) | | | DART WZ-H3-NK——HCHO传感器 | [WZ-H3-N型长寿命抗干扰甲醛检测模组-智能传感器模组-深圳市普晟传感技术有限公司-普晟传感-甲醛传感器-一氧化碳传感器-氢气传感器-普晟传感-氢气传感器-氨气传感器-硫化氢传感器-气体传感器-传感器公司 (szprosense.com)](https://www.szprosense.com/?list_28/79.html) | | | ENS160 | [ENS16x Digital Metal-Oxide Multi-Gas Sensor Family - ScioSense](https://www.sciosense.com/ens16x-digital-metal-oxide-multi-gas-sensor-family/) | | #### 2. 硬件连接 Adafruit Sht40 通过Qwiic线缆连接到Qwiic I2C插槽，SCD41 与 ENS160 与板载I2C引脚连接。查看Arduino UNO R4 WiFi开发板的原理图I2C的引脚没有没有连接上拉电阻，SCL与SDA分别与3.3v连接一个10kΩ的电阻。ENS160我购买的是已经焊接好的模块，需要一个3.3v和一个1.8v的供电，3.3v供电开发板上直接就可以获得但是1.8v没有直接来源，需要从5v或3.3v降到1.8v才行。经过查询资料以及淘宝，最终选择了AMS1117-1.8。 WZ-H3-NK的TX、RX与A2、A3连接使用软串口SoftwareSerial读取数据，PMS7003与A0、A1硬件串口连接。连接原型如下元器件与开发板连接关系以及示例程序调试已经逐一调通，下面我们来为这些元器件设计个PCB。这是我第一次绘制PCB，在立创开源平台上找一些开源项目再配合搭配的元器件的基本电路，终于设计出自己的第一个PCB。在漫长的打样等待中。经过了前几期的活动的不断学习尝试，焊接技术也有了十足的进步。焊接排针、排母这些连接器不需要事先找找感觉了。贴片元器件也是在几次尝试后成功的焊接上，并测试没有短路断路。合体后的样子 #### 3. 必要环境搭建 mqtt服务器、homeassistant系统可参考、沿用进阶任务的环境。 #### 4. 软件流程图 1. 初始化： - 设置Wi-Fi和MQTT Broker的参数。 - 初始化各个传感器对象。 - 设置传感器读取间隔时间。 - 连接到MQTT Broker并设置回调函数。 2. 主循环： - 每10分钟检查网络连接状态，如果未连接则尝试重连。 - 每30秒检查是否需要开启PM传感器，如果需要则开启并读取数据，然后关闭。 - 每30秒检查是否需要读取HCHO传感器数据，如果需要则读取。 - 每5秒检查是否需要读取其他传感器（温湿度、VOC、二氧化碳）数据，如果需要则读取并发送数据。 3. 数据处理： - 将传感器数据转换为字符串格式。 - 通过MQTT将数据发送到Home Assistant。 #### 5. 代码展示本项目中使用到的库 | 库名 | 用途 | 项目地址 | | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Adafruit SHT4x Library | SHT4X 数字湿度 + 温度传感器的库。 | [adafruit/Adafruit_SHT4X: Arduino driver for Adafruit SHT4X temperature / humidity breakout (github.com)](https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_SHT4x) | | WZ Library | 面向`达特WZ-S`、`普晟WZ-H3`、`炜盛ZE08-CH2O`系列甲醛传感器的Arduino开发库 | https://github.com/leonlucc/WZ | | PMS Library | 用于 Plantower PMS 传感器的 Arduino 库。支持 PMS x003 传感器（1003、3003、5003、6003、7003）。 | [fu-hsi/PMS: Arduino library for Plantower PMS x003 family sensors. (github.com)](https://github.com/fu-hsi/pms) | | Sensirion I2C SCD4x | 这是使用 I2C 接口的 Arduino 的 Sensirion SCD4x 库。 | [Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd4x: Arduino library for Sensirion SCD4x sensors (github.com)](https://github.com/Sensirion/arduino-i2c-scd4x) | | ENS160 - Adafruit Fork | 用于ENS160气体传感器的库。 | [adafruit/ENS160_driver: Driver for the ScioSense ENS160 digital gas sensor (github.com)](https://github.com/adafruit/ENS160_driver) | | home-assistant-integration | ArduinoHA 允许使用 MQTT 将基于 Arduino/ESP 的设备与 Home Assistant 集成。 | [dawidchyrzynski/arduino-home-assistant： ArduinoHA 允许使用 MQTT 将基于 Arduino/ESP 的设备与 Home Assistant 集成。 (github.com)](https://github.com/dawidchyrzynski/arduino-home-assistant) | Follow_me2_expand_task.ino ``` c++ #include "WiFiS3.h" #include "SPI.h" #include "Adafruit_SHT4x.h" #include "WZ.h" #include "SoftwareSerial.h" #include "ScioSense_ENS160.h" #include "PMS.h" #include "SensirionI2CScd4x.h" #include "ArduinoHA.h" #include "arduino_secrets.h" #include "arduino_mqtt.h" char sta_ssid[] = SECRET_STA_SSID; // your network SSID (name) char sta_pass[] = SECRET_STA_PASS; // your network password (use for WPA, or use as key for WEP) char addr[] = MQTT_BROKER_ADDR; int port = MQTT_BROKER_PORT; char username[] = MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME; char password[] = MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD; int status = WL_IDLE_STATUS; const byte PIN_RX = 3; const byte PIN_TX = 2; // Sensor read intervals (in milliseconds) const unsigned long sensorAStartInterval = 30000; // pm Sensor read intervals 60s const unsigned long sensorAReadDuration = 60000; // pm Sensor read intervals 60s const unsigned long sensorBInterval = 30000; // hcho Sensor read intervals 60s const unsigned long sensorCInterval = 5000; // other Sensor read intervals 5s const unsigned long reconnectInterval = 600000; // Last time the sensors were read unsigned long previousMillisA = 0; unsigned long previousMillisB = 0; unsigned long previousMillisC = 0; unsigned long previousMillisReconnect = 0; bool sensorActive = false; WiFiClient client; // Arduino Home Assistant integration HADevice device("aiaq"); //HADevice device(mac, sizeof(mac)); HAMqtt mqtt(client, device); Adafruit_SHT4x sht4 = Adafruit_SHT4x(); SensirionI2CScd4x scd4x; ScioSense_ENS160 ens160(ENS160_I2CADDR_0); SoftwareSerial WzSoftSerial(PIN_RX, PIN_TX); WZ wz(WzSoftSerial); WZ::DATA hcho_data; PMS pms(Serial1); PMS::DATA data; HASensor sht4_temperature_sensor("sht4_temperature_sensor"); HASensor sht4_relative_humidity_sensor("sht4_relative_humidity_sensor"); HASensor pms7003_pm1_sensor("pms7003_pm1_sensor"); HASensor pms7003_pm2_5_sensor("pms7003_pm2_5_sensor"); HASensor pms7003_pm10_sensor("pms7003_pm10_sensor"); HASensor wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor("wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor"); HASensor wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor("wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor"); HASensor scd4_co2_sensor("co2"); HASensor ens160_aqi_sensor("aqi"); HASensor ens160_tvoc_sensor("tvoc"); HASensor ens160_eco2_sensor("eco2"); void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); while (!Serial) delay(10); Adafruit_SHT4x_Init(); WZ_Init(); ENS160_Init(); PMS_Init(); SCD41_Init(); reconnect(); device.setName("aiaq"); device.setSoftwareVersion("1.0.0"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setName("Temperature"); sht4_temperature_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("°C"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setName("Humidity"); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("%"); pms7003_pm1_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); pms7003_pm1_sensor.setName("PM1"); pms7003_pm1_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3"); pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setName("PM2.5"); pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3"); pms7003_pm10_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); pms7003_pm10_sensor.setName("PM10"); pms7003_pm10_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ug/m3"); wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setName("hcho"); wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppd"); wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setName("hcho"); wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ugm3"); scd4_co2_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); scd4_co2_sensor.setName("Co2"); scd4_co2_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppm"); ens160_aqi_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); ens160_aqi_sensor.setName("AQI"); ens160_aqi_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement(""); ens160_eco2_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); ens160_eco2_sensor.setName("eCo2"); ens160_eco2_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppm"); ens160_tvoc_sensor.setIcon("mdi:home"); ens160_tvoc_sensor.setName("TVOC"); ens160_tvoc_sensor.setUnitOfMeasurement("ppb"); mqtt.onMessage(onMqttMessage); mqtt.onConnected(onMqttConnected); mqtt.onDisconnected(onMqttDisconnected); mqtt.onStateChanged(onMqttStateChanged); mqtt.setKeepAlive(60); mqtt.begin(addr,port,username,password); } void loop() { unsigned long currentMillis = millis(); mqtt.loop(); char pm1buffer[10]; char pm25buffer[10]; char pm10buffer[10]; char ppdbuffer[10]; char ugm3buffer[10]; char tempbuffer[10]; char humibuffer[10]; char aqibuffer[10]; char tvocbuffer[10]; char eco2buffer[10]; char co2buffer[10]; // 非阻塞检查网络连接并重连 10min if (currentMillis - previousMillisReconnect >= reconnectInterval) { previousMillisReconnect = currentMillis; if (!client.connected()){ reconnect(); } } // 非阻塞开启PM传感器 30s if (!sensorActive && currentMillis - previousMillisA >= sensorAStartInterval) { previousMillisA = currentMillis; pms.wakeUp(); sensorActive = true; } // 非阻塞读取PM传感器数据 60s 并关闭 if (sensorActive && currentMillis - previousMillisA >= sensorAReadDuration) { pms.requestRead(); if (pms.readUntil(data)) { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); Serial.print("PM 1.0 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_1_0); Serial.print("PM 2.5 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_2_5); Serial.print("PM 10.0 (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(data.PM_AE_UG_10_0); dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_1_0, 6, 2, pm1buffer); dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_2_5,6,2,pm25buffer); dtostrf(data.PM_AE_UG_10_0, 6, 2, pm10buffer); pms7003_pm1_sensor.setValue(pm1buffer); pms7003_pm2_5_sensor.setValue(pm25buffer); pms7003_pm10_sensor.setValue(pm10buffer); } else{ Serial.println("PM Sensor No data."); } pms.sleep(); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); sensorActive = false; } // 非阻塞读取HCHO传感器数据 30s if (currentMillis - previousMillisB >= sensorBInterval) { previousMillisB = currentMillis; digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // 获取甲醛传感器WZ-H3-NK数据 wz.requestRead(); if (wz.readUntil(hcho_data)) { Serial.print("HCHO (ppd): "); Serial.println(hcho_data.HCHO_PPB); Serial.print("HCHO (ug/m3): "); Serial.println(hcho_data.HCHO_UGM3); dtostrf(hcho_data.HCHO_PPB, 6, 2, ppdbuffer); dtostrf(hcho_data.HCHO_UGM3, 6, 2, ugm3buffer); wz_h3_hcho_ppd_sensor.setValue(ppdbuffer); wz_h3_hcho_ugm3_sensor.setValue(ugm3buffer); } digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); } // 非阻塞读取其他传感器数据 5s if (currentMillis - previousMillisC >= sensorCInterval) { previousMillisC = currentMillis; digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // 获取温湿度传感器sht40数据 sensors_event_t humi, temp; sht4.getEvent(&humi, &temp); Serial.print("Temperature: "); Serial.print(temp.temperature); Serial.println("℃"); Serial.print("Humidity: "); Serial.print(humi.relative_humidity); Serial.println("% rH"); dtostrf(temp.temperature, 6, 2, tempbuffer); dtostrf(humi.relative_humidity, 6, 2, humibuffer); sht4_temperature_sensor.setValue(tempbuffer); sht4_relative_humidity_sensor.setValue(humibuffer); // 获取VOC传感器 if (ens160.available()) { ens160.measure(true); ens160.measureRaw(true); Serial.print("AQI: "); Serial.println(ens160.getAQI()); Serial.print("TVOC: "); Serial.print(ens160.getTVOC()); Serial.println("ppb"); Serial.print("eCO2: "); Serial.print(ens160.geteCO2()); Serial.println("ppm"); dtostrf(ens160.getAQI(), 6, 2, aqibuffer); dtostrf(ens160.getTVOC(), 6, 2, tvocbuffer); dtostrf(ens160.geteCO2(), 6, 2, eco2buffer); ens160_aqi_sensor.setValue(aqibuffer); ens160_tvoc_sensor.setValue(tvocbuffer); ens160_eco2_sensor.setValue(eco2buffer); } // 获取二氧化碳传感器 uint16_t error; char errorMessage[256]; // Read Measurement uint16_t co2 = 0; float temperature = 0.0f; float humidity = 0.0f; bool isDataReady = false; error = scd4x.getDataReadyFlag(isDataReady); if (error) { Serial.print("Error trying to execute getDataReadyFlag(): "); errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256); Serial.println(errorMessage); return; } if (!isDataReady) { return; } error = scd4x.readMeasurement(co2, temperature, humidity); if (error) { Serial.print("Error trying to execute readMeasurement(): "); errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256); Serial.println(errorMessage); } else if (co2 == 0) { Serial.println("Invalid sample detected, skipping."); } else { Serial.print("Co2:"); Serial.println(co2); dtostrf(co2, 6, 2, co2buffer); scd4_co2_sensor.setValue(co2buffer); digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); } } } void reconnect() { Serial.print("Attempting to connect to SSID: "); Serial.print(sta_ssid); int i = 0; while (status != WL_CONNECTED) { Serial.print("."); status = WiFi.begin(sta_ssid, sta_pass); i++; if (status == WL_CONNECTED){ Serial.println("Connected to WiFi successfully"); //Serial.println(WiFi.localIP()); break; } if(i == 5) break; delay(5000); } } void onMqttMessage(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, uint16_t length) { // This callback is called when message from MQTT broker is received. // Please note that you should always verify if the message's topic is the one you expect. // For example: if (memcmp(topic, "myCustomTopic") == 0) { ... } Serial.print("New message on topic: "); Serial.println(topic); Serial.print("Data: "); Serial.println((const char*)payload); } void onMqttConnected() { Serial.println("Connected to the broker!"); } void onMqttDisconnected() { Serial.println("Disconnected from the broker!"); } void onMqttStateChanged(HAMqtt::ConnectionState state) { Serial.print("MQTT state changed to: "); Serial.println(static_cast(state)); } void Adafruit_SHT4x_Init() { Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initializing..."); if (!sht4.begin(&Wire1)) { Serial.println("Couldn't find SHT4x"); while (1) delay(1); } Serial.println("Found SHT4x sensor"); Serial.print("Serial number 0x"); Serial.println(sht4.readSerial(), HEX); // You can have 3 different precisions, higher precision takes longer sht4.setPrecision(SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION); switch (sht4.getPrecision()) { case SHT4X_HIGH_PRECISION: Serial.println("High precision"); break; case SHT4X_MED_PRECISION: Serial.println("Med precision"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_PRECISION: Serial.println("Low precision"); break; } // You can have 6 different heater settings // higher heat and longer times uses more power // and reads will take longer too! sht4.setHeater(SHT4X_NO_HEATER); switch (sht4.getHeater()) { case SHT4X_NO_HEATER: Serial.println("No heater"); break; case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("High heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_HIGH_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("High heat for 0.1 second"); break; case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("Medium heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_MED_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("Medium heat for 0.1 second"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_1S: Serial.println("Low heat for 1 second"); break; case SHT4X_LOW_HEATER_100MS: Serial.println("Low heat for 0.1 second"); break; } Serial.println("Adafruit SHT4x Initialization Completed"); } void WZ_Init() { Serial.println("WZ Initializing..."); WzSoftSerial.begin(9600); wz.passiveMode(); Serial.println("WZ Initialization Completed"); } void ENS160_Init() { Serial.println("ENS160 Initializing..."); ens160.begin(); Serial.println(ens160.available() ? "done." : "failed!"); if (ens160.available()) { // Print ENS160 versions Serial.print("\tRev: "); Serial.print(ens160.getMajorRev()); Serial.print("."); Serial.print(ens160.getMinorRev()); Serial.print("."); Serial.println(ens160.getBuild()); Serial.print("\tStandard mode "); Serial.println(ens160.setMode(ENS160_OPMODE_STD) ? "done." : "failed!"); } Serial.println("ENS160 Initialization Completed"); } void PMS_Init() { Serial.println("PMS7003 Initializing..."); Serial1.begin(9600); pms.passiveMode(); Serial.println("PMS7003 Initialization Completed"); } void SCD41_Init() { Serial.println("SCD41 Initializing..."); uint16_t error; char errorMessage[256]; scd4x.begin(Wire); // stop potentially previously started measurement error = scd4x.stopPeriodicMeasurement(); if (error) { Serial.print("Error trying to execute stopPeriodicMeasurement(): "); errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256); Serial.println(errorMessage); } uint16_t serial0; uint16_t serial1; uint16_t serial2; error = scd4x.getSerialNumber(serial0, serial1, serial2); if (error) { Serial.print("Error trying to execute getSerialNumber(): "); errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256); Serial.println(errorMessage); } else { printSerialNumber(serial0, serial1, serial2); } // Start Measurement error = scd4x.startPeriodicMeasurement(); if (error) { Serial.print("Error trying to execute startPeriodicMeasurement(): "); errorToString(error, errorMessage, 256); Serial.println(errorMessage); } Serial.println("SCD41 Initialization Completed"); } void printUint16Hex(uint16_t value) { Serial.print(value < 4096 ? "0" : ""); Serial.print(value < 256 ? "0" : ""); Serial.print(value < 16 ? "0" : ""); Serial.print(value, HEX); } void printSerialNumber(uint16_t serial0, uint16_t serial1, uint16_t serial2) { Serial.print("Serial: 0x"); printUint16Hex(serial0); printUint16Hex(serial1); printUint16Hex(serial2); Serial.println(); } ``` arduino_mqtt.h ``` c++ // MQTT服务链接 #define MQTT_BROKER_ADDR "emqx.inversedesign.net" // 这里输入你的mqtt服务器地址 #define MQTT_BROKER_PORT 1883 #define MQTT_BROKER_USERNAME "aiaq" #define MQTT_BROKER_PASSWORD "aiaq" ``` arduino_secrets.h ``` c++ // 双引号中输入你的 WIFI 账号密码 #define SECRET_STA_SSID "" #define SECRET_STA_PASS "" ``` #### 6. 视频演示 [localvideo]ecd254ffff57c0fc6221bfab607a4ced[/localvideo] ## 总结通过本次活动，尝试了自己绘制PCB板、打样、焊接。对贴片元件焊接也初步上手。虽然过程还是很艰难。焊废了几块板子，之前竟敢挑战焊接0201的电阻。也是险些看瞎了眼儿了。通过本次活动对Arduino开发板以及Arduino IDE有了基本了解，后续在学习开发板有了更多的选择。希望能多多参与学习活动，也再次希望Follow me活动越办越好。
上传了资料：【Follow me第二季第2期】智能家庭空气质量监测仪
加入了学习《Follow me 第二季第2期任务提交》，观看【得捷电子Follow me】提交视频
加入了学习《【Follow me第二季第2期】Arduino UNO R4 WiF》，观看【Follow me第二季第2期】Arduino UNO R4 WiF
加入了学习《FollowMe 第二季：2 - Arduino UNO R4 Wi-Fi 及任务讲解》，观看 Arduino UNO R4 Wi-Fi 及任务讲解
2024-09-21
加入了学习《直播回放: FollowMe 3 与得捷一起解锁开发板的超能力》，观看 FollowMe 3 与得捷一起解锁开发板的超能力
加入了学习《FollowMe 第二季： 1 Adafruit Circuit Playground Express及任务讲解》，观看 Adafruit Circuit Playground Express 及任务讲解
2024-02-18
回复了主题帖：【得捷电子Follow me第4期】成果展示汇总帖

Jacktang 发表于 2024-2-18 07:33 用杜邦线来连接DS3231和屏幕也是一样的正常显示，，，嗯我索性就全部用杜邦线连接了，当时咋没想到DS3231可以跟屏幕插在一块
2024-02-17
发表了主题帖：【得捷电子Follow me第4期】成果展示汇总帖

**首先感谢 DigiKey得捷 | 电子工程世界EEWorld 举办的Follow me活动，与得捷电子一起解锁开发板的超能力！** # 前言 **龙年新春到，福气满天飘。愿所有看到此贴的人事业如龙腾飞跃，财源似龙脉绵长。家庭和睦如龙凤呈祥，身体健康赛龙马精神。祝你在新的一年里，龙运亨通，万事如意！**:Onion-54: :Onion-54: :Onion-54: # 项目介绍本项目包含以下内容：入门任务：开发环境搭建，BLINK，驱动液晶显示器进行显示（没有则串口HelloWorld）搭配器件： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824)、 [Adafruit Sharp Memory Display Breakout](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3502/7386264) 基础任务一：完成主控板W5500初始化(静态IP配置)，并能使用局域网电脑ping通，同时W5500可以ping通互联网站点；通过抓包软件(Wireshark、Sniffer等)抓取本地PC的ping报文，展示并分析。搭配器件： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824)、 [Adafruit Sharp Memory Display Breakout](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3502/7386264) 基础任务二：主控板建立TCPIP或UDP服务器，局域网PC使用TCPIP或UDP客户端进行连接并发送数据，主控板接收到数据后，送液晶屏显示(没有则通过串口打印显示)；通过抓包软件抓取交互报文，展示并分析。(TCP和UDP二选一，或者全都操作) 搭配器件： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824)、 [Adafruit Sharp Memory Display Breakout](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3502/7386264) 进阶任务：从NTP服务器(注意数据交互格式的解析)同步时间，获取时间送显示屏(串口)显示。搭配器件： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824)、 [Adafruit Sharp Memory Display Breakout](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3502/7386264) 终极任务（二选一） ■ **终极任务一：**访问 [https://www.digikey.cn/zh/resources/api-solutions](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/resources/api-solutions)，以了解得捷(DigiKey)数字化解决方案及其API操作，设计一款DigiKey电子元器件价格及库存监视器，能实时同步并显示指定，电子元器件的价格、库存等信息。 ■ **终极任务二：**使用外部存储器，组建简易FTP文件服务器，并能正常上传下载文件。搭配器件： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824)、 [Adafruit Sharp Memory Display Breakout](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/3502/7386264) 本项目视频及源码： - 视频 [【得捷Follow me第4期】+ 任务成果视频展示](https://training.eeworld.com.cn/video/39268) - 源码 [【得捷Follow me第4期】+ 任务成果代码展示](https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/shazhongjin/631134) # 开箱展示购买的配件有： [W5500-EVB-Pico](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824) [MICROSD CARD BFF QT PY/XIAO|](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103100142/13688265) [Pico LCD 1.14](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030400/14317043) [Pico RTC DS3231](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030398/14317036) 开箱全家福： # 任务成果展示及说明 ## 入门任务开发环境搭建，BLINK，驱动液晶显示器进行显示（没有则串口HelloWorld） ### 一、硬件介绍 | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- | | W5500-EVB-Pico | [W5500-EVB-PICO WIZnet 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824) [W5500-EVB-Pico WIZnet Document System](https://docs.wiznet.io/Product/iEthernet/W5500/w5500-evb-pico) | ![](https://docs.wiznet.io/assets/images/w5500_evb_pico_side-da676c5d9c41adedc0469b9f1810b81b.png) | | Pico LCD 1.14 | [103030400 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030400/14317043) [Pico LCD 1.14 - Waveshare Wiki](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LCD-1.14) | ![](https://www.waveshare.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/800x800/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/p/i/pico-lcd-1.14-2_4.jpg) | ### 二、搭建开发环境本项目使用MicroPython进行开发。 1. 下载 Wiznet W5500-EVB-Pico MicroPython固件 [MicroPython - Python for microcontrollers](https://micropython.org/download/W5500_EVB_PICO/) 2. 按住核心板的boot键并连接数据线到电脑，或者已连接电脑状态下按住boot键再按下Run（reset）键。然后将下载的固件应复制到出现的 USB 大容量存储设备中，新固件将自动写入并复位。 3. 将Wiznet W5500-EVB-Pico焊接排针，Pico LCD 1.14 显示模块与Wiznet W5500-EVB-Pico进行连接。需要注意的是核心板焊接排针的方向及与显示模块的针脚的对应。 ### 三、代码展示 /beginner_task_code.py ``` python import LCD_1inch14,time from machine import Pin,SPI led = Pin(25, Pin.OUT) if __name__=='__main__': lcd = LCD_1inch14.LCD() lcd.WriteLine('Follow Me 4') lcd.WriteLine('by shazhongjin') lcd.WriteLine('Hello World!') while True: led.value(1) lcd.WriteLine("LED ON") time.sleep(1) led.value(0) lcd.WriteLine("LED OFF") time.sleep(1) ``` 本项目使用到的LCD_1inch14库为根据微雪例程 [Demo codes](https://files.waveshare.com/upload/2/28/Pico_code.7z) , 屏幕显示参考Follow me 2中Adafruit ESP32-S3 TFT Feather 开发板刷入CircuitPython的屏幕显示效果来对此库进行调整。设计思路如下：项目中所有用到屏幕的任务均使用该库，后续不在提及。 /lib/LCD_1inch14.py ``` python from machine import Pin,SPI,PWM import framebuf,time BL = 13 DC = 8 RST = 12 MOSI = 11 SCK = 10 CS = 9 Row = 1 class LCD(framebuf.FrameBuffer): def __init__(self): self.width = 240 self.height = 135 self.cs = Pin(CS,Pin.OUT) self.rst = Pin(RST,Pin.OUT) self.cs(1) self.spi = SPI(1) self.spi = SPI(1,1000_000) self.spi = SPI(1,10000_000,polarity=0, phase=0,sck=Pin(SCK),mosi=Pin(MOSI),miso=None) self.dc = Pin(DC,Pin.OUT) self.dc(1) self.buffer = bytearray(self.height * self.width * 2) super().__init__(self.buffer, self.width, self.height, framebuf.RGB565) self.init_display() self.red = 0x07E0 self.green = 0x001f self.blue = 0xf800 self.white = 0xffff self.black = 0x0000 def write_cmd(self, cmd): self.cs(1) self.dc(0) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([cmd])) self.cs(1) def write_data(self, buf): self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(bytearray([buf])) self.cs(1) def init_display(self): """Initialize dispaly""" self.rst(1) self.rst(0) self.rst(1) self.write_cmd(0x36) self.write_data(0x70) self.write_cmd(0x3A) self.write_data(0x05) self.write_cmd(0xB2) self.write_data(0x0C) self.write_data(0x0C) self.write_data(0x00) self.write_data(0x33) self.write_data(0x33) self.write_cmd(0xB7) self.write_data(0x35) self.write_cmd(0xBB) self.write_data(0x19) self.write_cmd(0xC0) self.write_data(0x2C) self.write_cmd(0xC2) self.write_data(0x01) self.write_cmd(0xC3) self.write_data(0x12) self.write_cmd(0xC4) self.write_data(0x20) self.write_cmd(0xC6) self.write_data(0x0F) self.write_cmd(0xD0) self.write_data(0xA4) self.write_data(0xA1) self.write_cmd(0xE0) self.write_data(0xD0) self.write_data(0x04) self.write_data(0x0D) self.write_data(0x11) self.write_data(0x13) self.write_data(0x2B) self.write_data(0x3F) self.write_data(0x54) self.write_data(0x4C) self.write_data(0x18) self.write_data(0x0D) self.write_data(0x0B) self.write_data(0x1F) self.write_data(0x23) self.write_cmd(0xE1) self.write_data(0xD0) self.write_data(0x04) self.write_data(0x0C) self.write_data(0x11) self.write_data(0x13) self.write_data(0x2C) self.write_data(0x3F) self.write_data(0x44) self.write_data(0x51) self.write_data(0x2F) self.write_data(0x1F) self.write_data(0x1F) self.write_data(0x20) self.write_data(0x23) self.write_cmd(0x21) self.write_cmd(0x11) self.write_cmd(0x29) # 初始化内容 Row = 1 self.fill(0x0000) self.text("MicroPython",20,4,0xffff) self.fill_rect(1,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(4,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(5,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(7,11,2,3,0xffff) self.fill_rect(8,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(10,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(11,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(12,10,1,3,0x0000) self.show() def show(self): self.write_cmd(0x2A) self.write_data(0x00) self.write_data(0x28) self.write_data(0x01) self.write_data(0x17) self.write_cmd(0x2B) self.write_data(0x00) self.write_data(0x35) self.write_data(0x00) self.write_data(0xBB) self.write_cmd(0x2C) self.cs(1) self.dc(1) self.cs(0) self.spi.write(self.buffer) self.cs(1) def Clean(self): self.init_display() def WriteLine(self, s : str): import math global Row #print(f'print string is : {s}') length = len(s) #print(f'string length is : {length}') rownum= math.ceil(length / 30) #print(f'string rows : {rownum}') for i in range(rownum): i += 1 print(s[30 * (i - 1) :30 * i]) # 渲染头部 self.fill_rect(0,0,350,15,0x0000) self.text("MicroPython",20,4,0xffff) self.fill_rect(1,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(4,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(5,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(7,11,2,3,0xffff) self.fill_rect(8,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(10,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(11,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(12,10,1,3,0x0000) # 当i大于12行时屏幕开始滚动 #print(f'screen rows : {Row}') if (Row > 10): self.scroll(0,-1 * 12) self.fill_rect(0,124,350, 10 ,0x0000) # 渲染头部 self.fill_rect(0,0,350,15,0x0000) self.text("MicroPython",20,4,0xffff) self.fill_rect(1,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(4,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(5,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(7,11,2,3,0xffff) self.fill_rect(8,1,2,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(10,1,1,2,0xffff) self.fill_rect(11,1,3,13,0xffff) self.fill_rect(12,10,1,3,0x0000) if (Row < 10): self.text(s[30 * (i - 1) :30 * i], 0 , 15 + (Row-1) * 12 + 2 ,0xffff); else: self.text(s[30 * (i - 1) :30 * i], 0 , 15 + (10-1) * 12 + 2 ,0xffff); Row += 1 self.show() #print('\n') ``` ### 四、演示 [localvideo]479d9fdcb8e023da04f4ed99d0a71679[/localvideo] --- 参考资料： [W5500-EVB-Pico | WIZnet Document System](https://docs.wiznet.io/Product/iEthernet/W5500/w5500-evb-pico) [Pico LCD 1.14 - Waveshare Wiki](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LCD-1.14) ## 基础任务一完成主控板W5500初始化(静态IP配置)，并能使用局域网电脑ping通，同时W5500可以ping通互联网站点；通过抓包软件(Wireshark、Sniffer等)抓取本地PC的ping报文，展示并分析。 ### 一、W5500初始化并配置静态IP 根据WiZnet官方例程，配置静态IP先要查询当前网络网关（比如当前网络网关为192.168.1.1），使用`nic.ifconfig(('IP','子网掩码','网关','DNS'))`来配置w5500的静态ip地址。如下例程： ``` python from machine import Pin,SPI spi=SPI(0,2_000_000, mosi=Pin(19),miso=Pin(16),sck=Pin(18)) nic = network.WIZNET5K() #spi,cs,reset pin # network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) nic.active(True) # 设置动态ip #nic.ifconfig('dhcp') # 设置静态ip nic.ifconfig(('192.168.1.107','255.255.255.0','192.168.1.1','8.8.8.8')) while not nic.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) print(nic.ifconfig()) ``` ### 二、使用局域网电脑ping通W5500-EVB-Pico，并使用Wireshark抓包ping报文 ping命令通常被用来测试网络连接，可以帮助你确定电脑是否能够通过IP地址访问另一台电脑。当你执行ping命令时，它会发送一个小数据包到特定的IP地址上，并等待响应。如果连接成功，你会看到回复的时间以及数据包是否成功送达。运行ping命令地址192.168.1.108 双击数据表列表，查看数据包各层详细信息。互联网层IP包头部信息传输层ICMP协议信息 ### 三、使用W5500-EVB-Pico ping通局域网中的电脑在gitee中找到一个uping的仓库,可以实现像电脑中的Ping命令一样在开发板中运行ping命令。由于该库中将ping信息输出到控制台上。再此也是做了小小的改动将信息输出到屏幕上，详见下节代码展示。 ### 四、代码展示 /basic_task1_code.py ``` python from machine import Pin,SPI,RTC import time,network,uping import LCD_1inch14 #W5x00 chip init def w5x00_init(): spi=SPI(0,2_000_000, mosi=Pin(19),miso=Pin(16),sck=Pin(18)) nic = network.WIZNET5K() #spi,cs,reset pin # spi,Pin(17),Pin(20) nic.active(True) # If you use the Dynamic IP(DHCP), you must use the "nic.ifconfig('dhcp')". #nic.ifconfig('dhcp') # If you use the Static IP, you must use the "nic.ifconfig("IP","subnet","Gateway","DNS")". nic.ifconfig(('192.168.1.108','255.255.255.0','192.168.1.1','8.8.8.8')) while not nic.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) #print(nic.regs()) print(nic.ifconfig()) if __name__ == "__main__": lcd = LCD_1inch14.LCD() lcd.WriteLine('Follow Me 4') lcd.WriteLine('by shazhongjin') lcd.WriteLine('base task 1') w5x00_init() # 使用W5500 ping互联网站点 www.baidu.com ping = uping.Ping('www.baidu.com',COUNT=100,IsOutputScreen =True) ping.start() ``` /lib/uping.py ``` python ''' Author: Yogile Gitee: https://gitee.com/yogile Date: 2022-07-16 17:41:38 LastEditors: Yogile LastEditTime: 2022-07-16 18:04:28 Fork from: https://github.com/coffee-it/uPing Description: Porting code to ESP32 chips ''' import utime import uselect import uctypes import usocket import ustruct import urandom import micropython import LCD_1inch14 urandom.seed(utime.ticks_us()) class Ping(): """ Create the ping calculating object exemplar """ def __init__(self, HOST, SOURCE=None, COUNT=4, INTERVAL=1000, SIZE=64, TIMEOUT=5000, quiet=False, IsOutputScreen = False): self.HOST = HOST self.COUNT = COUNT self.TIMEOUT = TIMEOUT self.INTERVAL = INTERVAL self.SIZE = SIZE self.quiet = quiet self.END = None self.IsOutputScreen = IsOutputScreen # prepare packet assert SIZE >= 16, "pkt size too small" self._PKT = b'Q'*SIZE self.PKT_DESC = { "type": uctypes.UINT8 | 0, "code": uctypes.UINT8 | 1, "checksum": uctypes.UINT16 | 2, "id": uctypes.UINT16 | 4, "seq": uctypes.INT16 | 6, "timestamp": uctypes.UINT64 | 8, } # packet header descriptor h = uctypes.struct(uctypes.addressof(self._PKT), self.PKT_DESC, uctypes.BIG_ENDIAN) h.type = 8 # ICMP_ECHO_REQUEST h.code = 0 h.checksum = 0 h.id = urandom.getrandbits(16) h.seq = 1 self.h = h # init socket sock = usocket.socket(usocket.AF_INET, usocket.SOCK_RAW, 1) if SOURCE: src_addr = usocket.getaddrinfo(SOURCE, 1)[0][-1] # ip address sock.bind(src_addr) sock.setblocking(0) sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT/1000) addresses = usocket.getaddrinfo(HOST, 1) # [0][-1] # list of ip addresses assert addresses, "Can not take the IP address of host" self.CLIENT_IP = None for addr in addresses: try: sock.connect(addr[-1]) self.CLIENT_IP = addr[-1][0] except: continue assert self.CLIENT_IP, "Connection failed" self.sock = sock # [ COUNTERS ] self.seq_num = 1 # Next sequence number self.transmitted = 0 self.received = 0 self.seqs = None # LCD self.LCD = LCD_1inch14.LCD() def Output(self,msg :str): print(msg) if self.IsOutputScreen: self.LCD.WriteLine(msg) def start(self): """ Starting a ping cycle with the specified settings (like a interval, count e.t.c.) """ t = self.INTERVAL finish = False # [ Rtt metrics ] pongs = [] min_rtt, max_rtt = None, None # [ Start over ] self.seq_num = 1 self.transmitted = 0 self.received = 0 not self.quiet and self.Output("PING %s (%s): %u data bytes" % (self.HOST, self.CLIENT_IP, len(self._PKT))) if self.seqs: self.seqs.extend(list(range(self.seq_num, self.COUNT + 1))) # [seq_num, seq_num + 1, ...., seq_num + n]) else: self.seqs = list(range(self.seq_num, self.COUNT + 1)) # [1,2,...,count] # Здесь нужно подвязаться на реальное время while self.seq_num = self.INTERVAL: pong = self.ping() t = 0 rtt = pong[1] if rtt: pongs.append(rtt) if not min_rtt or rtt = max_rtt: max_rtt = round(rtt, 3) if len(self.seqs) == 0: finish = True if finish: break utime.sleep_ms(1) t += 1 losses = round((self.transmitted - self.received) / self.transmitted) * 100 avg_rtt = round(sum(pongs) / len(pongs), 3) if pongs else None from ucollections import namedtuple _result = namedtuple("result", ("tx", "rx", "losses", "min", "avg", "max")) result = _result(self.transmitted, self.received, losses, min_rtt, avg_rtt, max_rtt) if not self.quiet: self.Output(r'%u packets transmitted, %u packets received, %u packet loss' % (self.transmitted, self.received, losses)) if avg_rtt: self.Output(r'round-trip min/avg/max = %r/%r/%r ms' % (min_rtt, avg_rtt, max_rtt)) else: return result def ping(self): """ Send ping manually. Returns sequense number(int), round-trip time (ms, float), ttl """ sock = self.sock if not self.seqs: self.seqs = [] self.seqs.append(self.seq_num) seq, t_elasped, ttl = None, None, None # header h = self.h h.checksum = 0 h.seq = self.seq_num h.timestamp = utime.ticks_us() h.checksum = self.checksum(self._PKT) try: # send packet if sock.send(self._PKT) == self.SIZE: self.transmitted += 1 else: self.seqs.remove(self.seq_num) self.seq_num += 1 # recv packet while 1: resp = sock.recv(self.SIZE + 20) # ICMP header and payload + IP header resp_mv = memoryview(resp) h2 = uctypes.struct(uctypes.addressof(resp_mv[20:]), self.PKT_DESC, uctypes.BIG_ENDIAN) seq = h2.seq if h2.type==0 and h2.id==h.id and (seq in self.seqs): # 0: ICMP_ECHO_REPLY t_elasped = (utime.ticks_us()-h2.timestamp) / 1000 self.seqs.remove(seq) if h2.checksum == self.checksum(resp[24:]): # except IP header and a part of ICMP header (type, code, checksum) ttl = ustruct.unpack('!B', resp_mv[8:9])[0] # time-to-live self.received += 1 not self.quiet and self.Output("%u bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u, ttl=%u, time=%f ms" % (len(resp[12:]), self.CLIENT_IP, seq, ttl, t_elasped)) break else: not self.quiet and self.Output("Payload checksum doesnt match") t_elasped = None break except Exception as identifier: import errno if identifier.args[0] == errno.EPIPE: self.Output("Client connection unexpectedly closed") pass elif identifier.args[0] == errno.EBADF: self.Output("Bad file descriptor.") pass else: raise identifier return (seq, t_elasped, ttl) async def ping_async(self): """ Send ping manually by async. Returns sequense number(int), round-trip time (ms, float), ttl """ sock = self.sock if not self.seqs: self.seqs = [] self.seqs.append(self.seq_num) seq, t_elasped, ttl = None, None, None # header h = self.h h.checksum = 0 h.seq = self.seq_num h.timestamp = utime.ticks_us() h.checksum = self.checksum(self._PKT) try: # send packet if sock.send(self._PKT) == self.SIZE: self.transmitted += 1 else: self.seqs.remove(self.seq_num) self.seq_num += 1 # recv packet while 1: resp = sock.recv(self.SIZE + 20) # ICMP header and payload + IP header resp_mv = memoryview(resp) h2 = uctypes.struct(uctypes.addressof(resp_mv[20:]), self.PKT_DESC, uctypes.BIG_ENDIAN) seq = h2.seq if h2.type==0 and h2.id==h.id and (seq in self.seqs): # 0: ICMP_ECHO_REPLY t_elasped = (utime.ticks_us()-h2.timestamp) / 1000 self.seqs.remove(seq) if h2.checksum == self.checksum(resp[24:]): # except IP header and a part of ICMP header (type, code, checksum) ttl = ustruct.unpack('!B', resp_mv[8:9])[0] # time-to-live self.received += 1 not self.quiet and self.Output("%u bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u, ttl=%u, time=%f ms" % (len(resp[12:]), self.CLIENT_IP, seq, ttl, t_elasped)) break else: not self.quiet and self.Output("Payload checksum doesnt match") t_elasped = None break except Exception as identifier: import errno if identifier.args[0] == errno.EPIPE: self.Output("Client connection unexpectedly closed") pass elif identifier.args[0] == errno.EBADF: self.Output("Bad file descriptor.") pass else: raise identifier self.END = (seq, t_elasped, ttl) def checksum(self, data): if len(data) & 0x1: # Odd number of bytes data += b'\0' cs = 0 for pos in range(0, len(data), 2): b1 = data[pos] b2 = data[pos + 1] cs += (b1 = 0x10000: cs = (cs & 0xffff) + (cs >> 16) cs = ~cs & 0xffff return cs def getEND_async(self): """ get ping_async() result """ return self.END def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback): self.close() def close(self): self.sock.close() ``` ### 五、演示 [localvideo]13056f04db15d23721687675e57b6838[/localvideo] [localvideo]4724f024b7b39bf014110a9840f301d5[/localvideo] --- 参考资料： [Wiznet/RP2040-HAT-MicroPython (github.com)](https://github.com/Wiznet/RP2040-HAT-MicroPython) [uPing: 使用 MicroPython 适配 ESP32 的 ping 函数，支持异步。 (gitee.com)](https://gitee.com/Yogile/uPing) ## 基础任务二主控板建立TCPIP或UDP服务器，局域网PC使用TCPIP或UDP客户端进行连接并发送数据，主控板接收到数据后，送液晶屏显示(没有则通过串口打印显示)；通过抓包软件抓取交互报文，展示并分析。(TCP和UDP二选一，或者全都操作) ### 一、硬件介绍 | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | ---- | ---- | ---- | | W5500-EVB-Pico | [W5500-EVB-PICO WIZnet 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824) [W5500-EVB-Pico WIZnet Document System](https://docs.wiznet.io/Product/iEthernet/W5500/w5500-evb-pico) | ![](https://docs.wiznet.io/assets/images/w5500_evb_pico_side-da676c5d9c41adedc0469b9f1810b81b.png) | | GROVE SHIELD FOR PI PICO V1.0 | [103100142 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103100142/13688265) | ![](https://mm.digikey.com/Volume0/opasdata/d220001/medias/images/3764/MFG_103100142.jpg) | | Grove - AHT20 I2C Industrial Grade Temperature&Humidity SensorF QT PY/XIAO | [101990644 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/101990644/11681294) [Grove - AHT20 I2C Industrial Grade Temperature&Humidity Sensor Seeed Studio Wiki](https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/Grove-AHT20-I2C-Industrial-Grade-Temperature&Humidity-Sensor/) | ![](https://files.seeedstudio.com/wiki/Grove-AHT20_I2C_Industrial_Grade_Temperature_and_Humidity_Sensor/101990644_4_.png) | ### 二、实现功能本项目使用microdot来实现webapi服务器，来控制GPIO设备以及发送和接收数据。 1. 使用API来控制板载LED灯的开关； 2. 使用API获得Grove - AHT20设备的温度与湿度信息； 3. 使用API来实现一个聊天室的功能； ### 三、抓包分析使用Wireshark软件对里聊天过程进行抓包分析，点击发送消息时向服务端发送一个Post请求将文本框中的内容发送给服务端。如下图所示可以看到数据包Info中一个POST方法路径为/send-message。通过查看Hypertext Transfer Protocol（应用层的信息）包括请求方法、请求路径、请求的完整路径等信息。在Javascript object Notation:application/json Json数据信息可以看到发送的内容“follow me4” 下图为客户端接收消息的数据包，可以看到Hypertext Transfer Protocol（应用层的信息）返回的200状态码，以及Json数据中返回的信息“Server received: follow me4”。 ### 三、代码展示 /basic_task2_code.py ``` python import network,os,time from usocket import socket from machine import Pin,SPI,SoftSPI from microdot import Microdot app = Microdot() led = Pin(25, Pin.OUT) addr = '' #w5500 初始化 def w5x00_init(): spi=SPI(0,2_000_000, mosi=Pin(19),miso=Pin(16),sck=Pin(18)) nic = network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) #spi,cs,reset pin # network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) nic.active(True) # If you use the Dynamic IP(DHCP), you must use the "nic.ifconfig('dhcp')". nic.ifconfig('dhcp') # If you use the Static IP, you must use the "nic.ifconfig("IP","subnet","Gateway","DNS")". #nic.ifconfig(('192.168.2.107','255.255.255.0','192.168.2.1','8.8.8.8')) while not nic.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) #print(nic.regs()) print(nic.ifconfig()) # Get connection IP global addr addr = nic.ifconfig()[0] def get_temp_humidity(debug = False): import ahtx0 from machine import I2C,SPI i2c = I2C(0, scl=Pin(9), sda=Pin(8)) # 获取传感器对象 sensor = ahtx0.AHT20(i2c) if debug: print("\nTemperature: %0.2f C" % sensor.temperature) print("Humidity: %0.2f %%" % sensor.relative_humidity) return sensor.temperature,sensor.relative_humidity def app_init(): @app.route('/') def index(request): return 'Hello, world!' # 开灯 @app.route('/ledon', methods=['GET']) def ledon(request): print("LED ON") led.value(1) return 'LED ON' # 关灯 @app.route('/ledoff', methods=['GET']) def ledoff(request): print("LED OFF") led.value(0) return 'LED OFF' # 返回一次当前温度和湿度 @app.route('/temp-humidity') def temp_humidity(request): temperature, humidity = get_temp_humidity() return {'temperature': temperature, 'humidity': humidity} # 通过页面更新持续返回当前温度和湿度 @app.route('/temp-humidity2') def temp_humidity(request): from microdot import send_file return send_file('/page/Temperature and Humidity.html') # 聊天室 @app.route('/chat') def send_message(request): from microdot import send_file return send_file('/page/ChatRoom.html') @app.route('/send-message', methods=['POST']) def send_message(request): message = request.json.get('message', '') # 处理消息，例如，在这里你可以调用其他函数来响应不同的命令或消息 print(f'received sessage: {message}') response_message = 'Server received: ' + message return {'message': response_message} # 404页 @app.errorhandler(404) def not_found(request): return {'error': 'resource not found'}, 404 app.run(host=addr, port=5000, debug=False, ssl=None) if __name__ == "__main__": w5x00_init() app_init() ``` /page/ChatRoom.html ``` html Chat Room #chatBox { height: 300px; overflow: auto; background: #f0f0f0; padding: 15px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .message { padding: 5px 10px; margin: 5px; border-radius: 5px; max-width: 80%; } .user-message { align-self: flex-end; background-color: #dcf8c6; } .server-message { align-self: flex-start; background-color: #fff; } function sendMessage() { var input = document.getElementById('messageInput'); var message = input.value.trim(); if(message) { displayMessage(message, 'user-message'); // 显示用户消息 input.value = ''; // 清空输入框 fetch('/send-message', { method: 'POST', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }, body: JSON.stringify({message: message}) }).then(function(response) { return response.json(); }).then(function(data) { displayMessage(data.message, 'server-message'); // 显示服务端消息 }); } } function displayMessage(text, className) { var chatBox = document.getElementById('chatBox'); var messageElem = document.createElement('div'); messageElem.textContent = text; messageElem.classList.add('message', className); chatBox.appendChild(messageElem); chatBox.scrollTop = chatBox.scrollHeight; // 滚动到最新消息 } Chat Room Follow me 4 by shazhongjin Send ``` /page/Temperature and Humidity.html ``` html Temperature and Humidity function fetchTempHumidity() { fetch('/temp-humidity').then(function(response) { return response.json(); }).then(function(data) { document.getElementById('temperature').textContent = data.temperature; document.getElementById('humidity').textContent = data.humidity; }); } // 每秒执行一次fetchTempHumidity函数 setInterval(fetchTempHumidity, 1000); Temperature: -- Humidity: -- ``` ### 四、演示 [localvideo]eae6acf9bf12349e9820963e59ee1ab2[/localvideo] --- 参考资料： [Installation — Microdot documentation](https://microdot.readthedocs.io/en/v1/intro.html) ## 进阶任务从NTP服务器(注意数据交互格式的解析)同步时间，获取时间送显示屏(串口)显示。 ### 一、硬件介绍 | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | ----------------------------- | ---- | ---- | | W5500-EVB-Pico | [W5500-EVB-PICO WIZnet 开发板套编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824) [W5500-EVB-Pico WIZnet Document System](https://docs.wiznet.io/Product/iEthernet/W5500/w5500-evb-pico) | ![](https://docs.wiznet.io/assets/images/w5500_evb_pico_side-da676c5d9c41adedc0469b9f1810b81b.png) | | Pico RTC DS3231 | [103030398 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030398/14317036) [Pico RTC DS3231 - Waveshare Wiki](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-RTC-DS3231) | ![](https://www.waveshare.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/800x800/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/p/i/pico-rtc-ds3231-1_4.jpg) | | Pico LCD 1.14 | [103030400 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030400/14317043) [Pico LCD 1.14 - Waveshare Wiki](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-LCD-1.14) | ![](https://www.waveshare.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/800x800/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/p/i/pico-lcd-1.14-2_4.jpg) | 接线图1 接线图2 **Pico RTC DS3231** Pico-RTC-DS3231 是专为 Raspberry Pi Pico 设计的 RTC 扩展模块。它集成了高精度RTC芯片DS3231，并使用I2C总线进行通信。由于采用可堆叠设计，可以连接更多的外部传感器。 - 标准树莓派Pico接头，支持树莓派Pico系列。 - 板载高精度RTC芯片DS3231，带备用电池座。 - 实时时钟可计算秒、分、小时、月、月、星期几和年份，闰年补偿有效期至 2100 年。 - 可选格式：24 小时或 12 小时，带 AM/PM 指示器。 - 2 x 可编程闹钟。 - 提供在线文档（Raspberry Pi、Pico、C/C++ 和 MicroPython 示例演示）。 ![](https://www.waveshare.com/w/upload/4/40/Pico-RTC-DS3231-details-inter.jpg) 至于为什么会使用DS3231呢？但是主要想搭配这屏幕一起叠高高。一看引脚排列就傻眼了使用引脚GPIO20、21。GPIO16-21都被w5500使用，所以没办法只能杜邦线来连接DS3231以及屏幕了。 ### 二、驱动RTC ds3231 这里使用了微雪示例代码 ds3231.py ，对ds3231设置时间。 ``` python #!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from machine import Pin, I2C import time import binascii # the first version use i2c1 #I2C_PORT = 1 #I2C_SDA = 6 #I2C_SCL = 7 # the new version use i2c0,if it dont work,try to uncomment the line 14 and comment line 17 # it should solder the R3 with 0R resistor if want to use alarm function,please refer to the Sch file on waveshare Pico-RTC-DS3231 wiki # https://www.waveshare.net/w/upload/0/08/Pico-RTC-DS3231_Sch.pdf I2C_PORT = 0 I2C_SDA = 20 I2C_SCL = 21 ALARM_PIN = 3 class ds3231(object): # 13:45:00 Mon 24 May 2021 # the register value is the binary-coded decimal (BCD) format # sec min hour week day month year NowTime = b'\x00\x45\x13\x02\x24\x05\x21' w = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"]; address = 0x68 start_reg = 0x00 alarm1_reg = 0x07 control_reg = 0x0e status_reg = 0x0f def __init__(self,i2c_port,i2c_scl,i2c_sda): self.bus = I2C(i2c_port,scl=Pin(i2c_scl),sda=Pin(i2c_sda)) def set_time(self,new_time): hour = new_time[0] + new_time[1] minute = new_time[3] + new_time[4] second = new_time[6] + new_time[7] week = "0" + str(self.w.index(new_time.split(",",2)[1])+1) year = new_time.split(",",2)[2][2] + new_time.split(",",2)[2][3] month = new_time.split(",",2)[2][5] + new_time.split(",",2)[2][6] day = new_time.split(",",2)[2][8] + new_time.split(",",2)[2][9] now_time = binascii.unhexlify((second + " " + minute + " " + hour + " " + week + " " + day + " " + month + " " + year).replace(' ','')) #print(binascii.unhexlify((second + " " + minute + " " + hour + " " + week + " " + day + " " + month + " " + year).replace(' ',''))) #print(self.NowTime) self.bus.writeto_mem(int(self.address),int(self.start_reg),now_time) def read_time(self): t = self.bus.readfrom_mem(int(self.address),int(self.start_reg),7) a = t[0]&0x7F #second b = t[1]&0x7F #minute c = t[2]&0x3F #hour d = t[3]&0x07 #week e = t[4]&0x3F #day f = t[5]&0x1F #month print("20%x/%02x/%02x %02x:%02x:%02x %s" %(t[6],t[5],t[4],t[2],t[1],t[0],self.w[t[3]-1])) def set_alarm_time(self,alarm_time): # init the alarm pin self.alarm_pin = Pin(ALARM_PIN,Pin.IN,Pin.PULL_UP) # set alarm irq self.alarm_pin.irq(lambda pin: print("alarm1 time is up"), Pin.IRQ_FALLING) # enable the alarm1 reg self.bus.writeto_mem(int(self.address),int(self.control_reg),b'\x05') # convert to the BCD format hour = alarm_time[0] + alarm_time[1] minute = alarm_time[3] + alarm_time[4] second = alarm_time[6] + alarm_time[7] date = alarm_time.split(",",2)[2][8] + alarm_time.split(",",2)[2][9] now_time = binascii.unhexlify((second + " " + minute + " " + hour + " " + date).replace(' ','')) # write alarm time to alarm1 reg self.bus.writeto_mem(int(self.address),int(self.alarm1_reg),now_time) if __name__ == '__main__': rtc = ds3231(I2C_PORT,I2C_SCL,I2C_SDA) rtc.set_time('13:45:50,Monday,2021-05-24') rtc.read_time() rtc.set_alarm_time('13:45:55,Monday,2021-05-24') ``` ### 三、代码展示 advanced_task_code.py ``` python import network,time,LCD_1inch14,ds3231 from machine import Pin,SPI addr = '' #w5500 初始化 def w5x00_init(): spi=SPI(0,2_000_000, mosi=Pin(19),miso=Pin(16),sck=Pin(18)) nic = network.WIZNET5K() #spi,cs,reset pin # network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) nic.active(True) # If you use the Dynamic IP(DHCP), you must use the "nic.ifconfig('dhcp')". nic.ifconfig('dhcp') # If you use the Static IP, you must use the "nic.ifconfig("IP","subnet","Gateway","DNS")". #nic.ifconfig(('192.168.1.108','255.255.255.0','192.168.1.1','8.8.8.8')) while not nic.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) #print(nic.regs()) print(nic.ifconfig()) # Get connection IP global addr addr = nic.ifconfig()[0] def sync_ntp(): import ntptime,machine,time I2C_PORT = 1 I2C_SDA = 26 I2C_SCL = 27 weekday = ["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"]; print("start sync ntp time") # 使用DS3231RTC rtc = ds3231.ds3231(I2C_PORT,I2C_SCL,I2C_SDA) try: ntptime.host = 'ntp1.aliyun.com' # 可选，ntp服务器，默认是"pool.ntp.org" 这里使用阿里服务器 ntptime.settime() # 修改设备时间,到这就已经设置好了 sysrtc = machine.RTC() localtime_now=time.time()+8*3600 localtime_now=time.localtime(localtime_now) sysrtc.datetime((localtime_now[0],localtime_now[1],localtime_now[2],localtime_now[6],localtime_now[3],localtime_now[4],localtime_now[5],localtime_now[7])) year, month, day, weekday, hours, minutes, seconds = sysrtc.datetime()[0:7] # 构造24小时制格式的时间字符串，确保小时、分钟和秒都是两位数 time_str = "{:02d}:{:02d}:{:02d}".format(hours, minutes, seconds) # 构造日期字符串 date_str = "{:04d}-{:02d}-{:02d}".format(year, month, day) # 星期的字典 weekdays = { 0: "Monday", 1: "Tuesday", 2: "Wednesday", 3: "Thursday", 4: "Friday", 5: "Saturday", 6: "Sunday" } # 获取星期几 weekday_str = weekdays.get(weekday, "") # 设置DS3231RTC时间 rtc.set_time(time_str + "," + weekday_str + "," + date_str) print("success sync ntp time") except Exception as e: print("error sync ntp time",repr(e)) if __name__ == "__main__": # 初始化网络 w5x00_init() # 同步ntp时间 sync_ntp() # 初始化LCD LCD = LCD_1inch14.LCD() rtc = ds3231.ds3231(1,27,26) while True: print(f'The SystemRTC time is : {time.localtime()[0]}-{time.localtime()[1]}-{time.localtime()[2]} {time.localtime()[3]}:{time.localtime()[4]}:{time.localtime()[5]} The DS3231RTC time is : {rtc.read_time()[0]}-{rtc.read_time()[1]}-{rtc.read_time()[2]} {rtc.read_time()[3]}:{rtc.read_time()[4]}:{rtc.read_time()[5]} {rtc.read_time()[6]}') LCD.WriteLine(f'The SystemRTC time is : {time.localtime()[0]}-{time.localtime()[1]}-{time.localtime()[2]} {time.localtime()[3]}:{time.localtime()[4]}:{time.localtime()[5]} The DS3231RTC time is : {rtc.read_time()[0]}-{rtc.read_time()[1]}-{rtc.read_time()[2]} {rtc.read_time()[3]}:{rtc.read_time()[4]}:{rtc.read_time()[5]} {rtc.read_time()[6]}') LCD.Clean() ``` /lib/ds3231.py 来自于参考资料连接中微雪例程中文件未做改动，也可本项目提供的源码。 ### 四、演示 [localvideo]915fdcc6a16dc5368d25ef04b69e5388[/localvideo] --- 参考资料： [Pico RTC DS3231 - Waveshare Wiki](https://www.waveshare.com/wiki/Pico-RTC-DS3231) ## 终极任务二 ■ **终极任务二：**使用外部存储器，组建简易FTP文件服务器，并能正常上传下载文件。 ### 一、硬件介绍本项目中使用到的硬件有： | 硬件 | 链接、资料 | 图片 | | ----------------------------- | ---- | ---- | | W5500-EVB-Pico | [W5500-EVB-PICO WIZnet 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/wiznet/W5500-EVB-PICO/16515824) [W5500-EVB-Pico WIZnet Document System](https://docs.wiznet.io/Product/iEthernet/W5500/w5500-evb-pico) | ![](https://docs.wiznet.io/assets/images/w5500_evb_pico_side-da676c5d9c41adedc0469b9f1810b81b.png) | | GROVE SHIELD FOR PI PICO V1.0 | [103100142 Seeed Technology Co., Ltd 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103100142/13688265) | ![](https://mm.digikey.com/Volume0/opasdata/d220001/medias/images/3764/MFG_103100142.jpg) | | MICROSD CARD BFF QT PY/XIAO | [5683 Adafruit Industries LLC 开发板套件编程器 DigiKey](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/adafruit-industries-llc/5683/18073185) [Overview Adafruit microSD Card BFF Adafruit Learning System](https://learn.adafruit.com/adafruit-microsd-card-bff) | ![](https://cdn-learn.adafruit.com/guides/cropped_images/000/003/748/medium640/5683-00.jpg?1676318485) | 接线图1 接线图2 ### 二、设计思路 1. 首先我们需要使用W5500-EVB-Pico连接到网络中。 2. 将sd卡挂载到根目录。 #### 读取SDCard 1. 点击包管理工具，安装sdcard库如下图所示。 2. 使用代码来挂载sd卡。 ``` python import os from sdcard import SDCard from machine import Pin,SPI,SoftSPI spi = SPI(1,2_000_000,sck=Pin(10), mosi=Pin(11), miso=Pin(12)) #spi = SoftSPI(2_000_000,sck=Pin(10), mosi=Pin(11), miso=Pin(12)) # 获取sdcard对象 sd = SDCard(spi, Pin(13)) # 挂载SD卡到/sd目录 os.mount(sd, '/sd') ``` #### 实现FTP文件服务器造轮子是不可能的这辈子都不可能，既然不造轮子在github上查找下有没有MicroPython FTP库，还真有来自[robert-hh](https://github.com/robert-hh)大神的[FTP-Server-for-ESP8266-ESP32-and-PYBD](https://github.com/robert-hh/FTP-Server-for-ESP8266-ESP32-and-PYBD/tree/master)库。使用库中的uftpd.py文件，该函数使用network.WLAN来获得连接信息。但本项目使用的是w5500控制器来实现网络连接，还需要对start函数稍加小改动。 ``` python # start listening for ftp connections on port 21 def start(port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): global ftpsockets, datasocket global verbose_l global client_list global client_busy alloc_emergency_exception_buf(100) verbose_l = verbose client_list = [] client_busy = False for interface in [network.AP_IF, network.STA_IF]: wlan = network.WLAN(interface) if not wlan.active(): continue ifconfig = wlan.ifconfig() addr = socket.getaddrinfo(ifconfig[0], port) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(addr[0][4]) sock.listen(1) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER, lambda s : accept_ftp_connect(s, ifconfig[0])) ftpsockets.append(sock) if splash: print("FTP server started on {}:{}".format(ifconfig[0], port)) datasocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) datasocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) datasocket.bind(('0.0.0.0', _DATA_PORT)) datasocket.listen(1) datasocket.settimeout(10) def restart(port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): stop() sleep_ms(200) start(port, verbose, splash) ``` 改动思路： 1. 在uftpd.py 的 start函数中，将WLAN改为WIZNET5K，从WIZNET5K对象中获得网络连接信息。 ``` python # start listening for ftp connections on port 21 def start(port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): global ftpsockets, datasocket global verbose_l global client_list global client_busy alloc_emergency_exception_buf(100) verbose_l = verbose client_list = [] client_busy = False nic = network.WIZNET5K() if not nic.active(): continue ifconfig = nic.ifconfig() addr = socket.getaddrinfo(ifconfig[0], port) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(addr[0][4]) sock.listen(1) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER, lambda s : accept_ftp_connect(s, ifconfig[0])) ftpsockets.append(sock) if splash: print("FTP server started on {}:{}".format(ifconfig[0], port)) datasocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) datasocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) datasocket.bind(('0.0.0.0', _DATA_PORT)) datasocket.listen(1) datasocket.settimeout(10) def restart(port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): stop() sleep_ms(200) start(port, verbose, splash) ``` 修改后在执行过程中一直无法成功创建FTP服务，经过分析找到了问题的原因。当在uftpd.py文件中再此执行 `network.WIZNET5K()` 时似乎他创建了一个新的nic对象，而不是使用 `network.WLAN()` 时返回的是当前的网络连接对象。所以在判断 `not nic.active()` 结果永远为True。程序无法继续运行下去。 2. 不妨换个思路在uftpd.start函数中获得网络对象的目的为获得当前网络连接分配的IP地址。干脆让start函数传入ip参数。这样程序就能顺利执行。也不会卡在`network.WIZNET5K()`这个问题上了。 ``` python # start listening for ftp connections on port 21 def start(host='0.0.0.0',port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): global ftpsockets, datasocket global verbose_l global client_list global client_busy alloc_emergency_exception_buf(100) verbose_l = verbose client_list = [] client_busy = False addr = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port) sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) sock.bind(addr[0][4]) sock.listen(1) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER, lambda s : accept_ftp_connect(s,host)) ftpsockets.append(sock) if splash: print("FTP server started on {}:{}".format(host, port)) datasocket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) datasocket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1) datasocket.bind(('0.0.0.0', _DATA_PORT)) datasocket.listen(1) datasocket.settimeout(10) def restart(host='0.0.0.0',port=21, verbose=0, splash=True): stop() sleep_ms(200) start(port, verbose, splash) ``` ### 三、代码展示 /ultimate_task2_code.py ``` python import network,time from machine import Pin,SPI addr = '' #w5500 初始化 def w5x00_init(): spi=SPI(0,2_000_000, mosi=Pin(19),miso=Pin(16),sck=Pin(18)) nic = network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) #spi,cs,reset pin # network.WIZNET5K(spi,Pin(17),Pin(20)) nic.active(True) # If you use the Dynamic IP(DHCP), you must use the "nic.ifconfig('dhcp')". nic.ifconfig('dhcp') # If you use the Static IP, you must use the "nic.ifconfig("IP","subnet","Gateway","DNS")". #nic.ifconfig(('192.168.2.107','255.255.255.0','192.168.2.1','8.8.8.8')) while not nic.isconnected(): time.sleep(1) #print(nic.regs()) print(nic.ifconfig()) # Get connection IP global addr addr = nic.ifconfig()[0] def sdcard_init(path='/sd'): import os from sdcard import SDCard from machine import Pin,SPI,SoftSPI spi = SPI(1,2_000_000,sck=Pin(10), mosi=Pin(11), miso=Pin(12)) #spi = SoftSPI(2_000_000,sck=Pin(10), mosi=Pin(11), miso=Pin(12)) # 获取sdcard对象 sd = SDCard(spi, Pin(13)) # 挂载SD卡到/sd目录 os.mount(sd, path) print(f'success mounted sdcard in \'{path}\'') if __name__ == "__main__": # 初始化网络 w5x00_init() # 初始化并挂在sd卡 sdcard_init() import uftpd uftpd.start(host = addr,port = 21,verbose = 0) ``` /lib/uftp.py ``` python # # Small ftp server for ESP8266 Micropython # Based on the work of chrisgp - Christopher Popp and pfalcon - Paul Sokolovsky # # The server accepts passive mode only. It runs in background. # Start the server with: # # import uftpd # uftpd.start([port = 21][, verbose = level]) # # port is the port number (default 21) # verbose controls the level of printed activity messages, values 0, 1, 2 # # Copyright (c) 2016 Christopher Popp (initial ftp server framework) # Copyright (c) 2016 Paul Sokolovsky (background execution control structure) # Copyright (c) 2016 Robert Hammelrath (putting the pieces together and a # few extensions) # Copyright (c) 2020 Jan Wieck Use separate FTP servers per socket for STA + AP mode # Copyright (c) 2021 JD Smith Use a preallocated buffer and improve error handling. # Distributed under MIT License # import socket import network import uos import gc import sys import errno from time import sleep_ms, localtime from micropython import alloc_emergency_exception_buf # constant definitions _CHUNK_SIZE = const(1024) _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER = const(20) _COMMAND_TIMEOUT = const(300) _DATA_TIMEOUT = const(100) _DATA_PORT = const(13333) # Global variables ftpsockets = [] datasocket = None client_list = [] verbose_l = 0 client_busy = False # Interfaces: (IP-Address (string), IP-Address (integer), Netmask (integer)) _month_name = ("", "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec") class FTP_client: def __init__(self, ftpsocket, local_addr): self.command_client, self.remote_addr = ftpsocket.accept() self.remote_addr = self.remote_addr[0] self.command_client.settimeout(_COMMAND_TIMEOUT) log_msg(1, "FTP Command connection from:", self.remote_addr) self.command_client.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER, self.exec_ftp_command) self.command_client.sendall("220 Hello, this is the {}.\r\n".format(sys.platform)) self.cwd = '/' self.fromname = None # self.logged_in = False self.act_data_addr = self.remote_addr self.DATA_PORT = 20 self.active = True self.pasv_data_addr = local_addr def send_list_data(self, path, data_client, full): try: for fname in uos.listdir(path): data_client.sendall(self.make_description(path, fname, full)) except Exception as e: # path may be a file name or pattern path, pattern = self.split_path(path) try: for fname in uos.listdir(path): if self.fncmp(fname, pattern): data_client.sendall( self.make_description(path, fname, full)) except: pass def make_description(self, path, fname, full): global _month_name if full: stat = uos.stat(self.get_absolute_path(path, fname)) file_permissions = ("drwxr-xr-x" if (stat[0] & 0o170000 == 0o040000) else "-rw-r--r--") file_size = stat[6] tm = stat[7] & 0xffffffff tm = localtime(tm if tm < 0x80000000 else tm - 0x100000000) if tm[0] != localtime()[0]: description = "{} 1 owner group {:>10} {} {:2} {:>5} {}\r\n".\ format(file_permissions, file_size, _month_name[tm[1]], tm[2], tm[0], fname) else: description = "{} 1 owner group {:>10} {} {:2} {:02}:{:02} {}\r\n".\ format(file_permissions, file_size, _month_name[tm[1]], tm[2], tm[3], tm[4], fname) else: description = fname + "\r\n" return description def send_file_data(self, path, data_client): buffer = bytearray(_CHUNK_SIZE) mv = memoryview(buffer) with open(path, "rb") as file: bytes_read = file.readinto(buffer) while bytes_read > 0: data_client.write(mv[0:bytes_read]) bytes_read = file.readinto(buffer) data_client.close() def save_file_data(self, path, data_client, mode): buffer = bytearray(_CHUNK_SIZE) mv = memoryview(buffer) with open(path, mode) as file: bytes_read = data_client.readinto(buffer) while bytes_read > 0: file.write(mv[0:bytes_read]) bytes_read = data_client.readinto(buffer) data_client.close() def get_absolute_path(self, cwd, payload): # Just a few special cases "..", "." and "" # If payload start's with /, set cwd to / # and consider the remainder a relative path if payload.startswith('/'): cwd = "/" for token in payload.split("/"): if token == '..': cwd = self.split_path(cwd)[0] elif token != '.' and token != '': if cwd == '/': cwd += token else: cwd = cwd + '/' + token return cwd def split_path(self, path): # instead of path.rpartition('/') tail = path.split('/')[-1] head = path[:-(len(tail) + 1)] return ('/' if head == '' else head, tail) # compare fname against pattern. Pattern may contain # the wildcards ? and *. def fncmp(self, fname, pattern): pi = 0 si = 0 while pi < len(pattern) and si < len(fname): if (fname[si] == pattern[pi]) or (pattern[pi] == '?'): si += 1 pi += 1 else: if pattern[pi] == '*': # recurse if pi == len(pattern.rstrip("*?")): # only wildcards left return True while si < len(fname): if self.fncmp(fname[si:], pattern[pi + 1:]): return True else: si += 1 return False else: return False if pi == len(pattern.rstrip("*")) and si == len(fname): return True else: return False def open_dataclient(self): if self.active: # active mode data_client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) data_client.settimeout(_DATA_TIMEOUT) data_client.connect((self.act_data_addr, self.DATA_PORT)) log_msg(1, "FTP Data connection with:", self.act_data_addr) else: # passive mode data_client, data_addr = datasocket.accept() log_msg(1, "FTP Data connection with:", data_addr[0]) return data_client def exec_ftp_command(self, cl): global datasocket global client_busy global my_ip_addr try: gc.collect() try: data = cl.readline().decode("utf-8").rstrip("\r\n") except OSError: # treat an error as QUIT situation. data = "" if len(data) > 8, _DATA_PORT % 256)) self.active = False elif command == "PORT": items = payload.split(",") if len(items) >= 6: self.act_data_addr = '.'.join(items[:4]) if self.act_data_addr == "127.0.1.1": # replace by command session addr self.act_data_addr = self.remote_addr self.DATA_PORT = int(items[4]) * 256 + int(items[5]) cl.sendall('200 OK\r\n') self.active = True else: cl.sendall('504 Fail\r\n') elif command == "LIST" or command == "NLST": if payload.startswith("-"): option = payload.split()[0].lower() path = self.get_absolute_path( self.cwd, payload[len(option):].lstrip()) else: option = "" try: data_client = self.open_dataclient() cl.sendall("150 Directory listing:\r\n") self.send_list_data(path, data_client, command == "LIST" or 'l' in option) cl.sendall("226 Done.\r\n") data_client.close() except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') if data_client is not None: data_client.close() elif command == "RETR": try: data_client = self.open_dataclient() cl.sendall("150 Opened data connection.\r\n") self.send_file_data(path, data_client) # if the next statement is reached, # the data_client was closed. data_client = None cl.sendall("226 Done.\r\n") except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') if data_client is not None: data_client.close() elif command == "STOR" or command == "APPE": try: data_client = self.open_dataclient() cl.sendall("150 Opened data connection.\r\n") self.save_file_data(path, data_client, "wb" if command == "STOR" else "ab") # if the next statement is reached, # the data_client was closed. data_client = None cl.sendall("226 Done.\r\n") except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') if data_client is not None: data_client.close() elif command == "SIZE": try: cl.sendall('213 {}\r\n'.format(uos.stat(path)[6])) except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "MDTM": try: tm=localtime(uos.stat(path)[8]) cl.sendall('213 {:04d}{:02d}{:02d}{:02d}{:02d}{:02d}\r\n'.format(*tm[0:6])) except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "STAT": if payload == "": cl.sendall("211-Connected to ({})\r\n" " Data address ({})\r\n" " TYPE: Binary STRU: File MODE: Stream\r\n" " Session timeout {}\r\n" "211 Client count is {}\r\n".format( self.remote_addr, self.pasv_data_addr, _COMMAND_TIMEOUT, len(client_list))) else: cl.sendall("213-Directory listing:\r\n") self.send_list_data(path, cl, True) cl.sendall("213 Done.\r\n") elif command == "DELE": try: uos.remove(path) cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "RNFR": try: # just test if the name exists, exception if not uos.stat(path) self.fromname = path cl.sendall("350 Rename from\r\n") except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "RNTO": try: uos.rename(self.fromname, path) cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') self.fromname = None elif command == "CDUP" or command == "XCUP": self.cwd = self.get_absolute_path(self.cwd, "..") cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') elif command == "RMD" or command == "XRMD": try: uos.rmdir(path) cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "MKD" or command == "XMKD": try: uos.mkdir(path) cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') elif command == "SITE": try: exec(payload.replace('\0','\n')) cl.sendall('250 OK\r\n') except: cl.sendall('550 Fail\r\n') else: cl.sendall("502 Unsupported command.\r\n") # log_msg(2, # "Unsupported command {} with payload {}".format(command, # payload)) except OSError as err: if verbose_l > 0: log_msg(1, "Exception in exec_ftp_command:") sys.print_exception(err) if err.errno in (errno.ECONNABORTED, errno.ENOTCONN): close_client(cl) # handle unexpected errors except Exception as err: log_msg(1, "Exception in exec_ftp_command: {}".format(err)) # tidy up before leaving client_busy = False def log_msg(level, *args): global verbose_l if verbose_l >= level: print(*args) # close client and remove it from the list def close_client(cl): cl.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, _SO_REGISTER_HANDLER, None) cl.close() for i, client in enumerate(client_list): if client.command_client == cl: del client_list break def accept_ftp_connect(ftpsocket, local_addr): # Accept new calls for the server try: client_list.append(FTP_client(ftpsocket, local_addr)) except: log_msg(1, "Attempt to connect failed") # try at least to reject try: temp_client, temp_addr = ftpsocket.accept() temp_client.close() except: pass def num_ip(ip): items = ip.split(".") return (int(items[0])
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2023-12-05
发表了主题帖：【得捷电子Follow me第3期】+ 成果展示汇总帖

**首先感谢 DigiKey得捷 | 电子工程世界EEWorld 举办的Follow me活动，与得捷电子一起解锁开发板的超能力！** # 前言大家好啊，我是沙忠金，一名不务正业的电子爱好者。很荣幸又一次入围了Follow me 第三期活动，在第二期的活动中体会到了开发板的快乐，真的对小巧精致且带有屏幕的有着不可抵抗的吸引力。 # 项目介绍本项目包含以下内容： **任务1**：使用MicroPython系统（必做任务）熟悉Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3开发板基本操作，安装esptool，并给开发板刷写MicroPython系统，完成入门程序的运行搭配器件：[Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113991054/16652880) **任务2**：驱动扩展板上的OLED屏幕（必做任务）使用扩展板上的OLED屏幕显示文字和图形搭配器件：[Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113991054/16652880)、[Seeed Studio Expansion Board Base for XIAO](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030356/13572081) **任务3**：控制蜂鸣器播放音乐（必做任务）使用Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3控制蜂鸣器发出不同频率的声音，并播放一段音乐搭配器件：[Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113991054/16652880)、[Seeed Studio Expansion Board Base for XIAO](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030356/13572081) **任务4**：连接WiFi网络（必做任务）将Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3连接到WiFi网络，并访问互联网信息搭配器件：[Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113991054/16652880)、[Seeed Studio Expansion Board Base for XIAO](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030356/13572081)、[RF ANT 2.4GHZ/5.5GHZ PCB TRACE](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/laird-connectivity-inc/MAF94264/2392214) **任务5**：使用外部传感器（必做任务）连接环境光传感器或温湿度传感器，获取传感器的数值，并转换成真实的物理量搭配器件： [Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/113991054/16652880)、[Seeed Studio Expansion Board Base for XIAO](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/103030356/13572081)、 [Grove - AHT20 I2C Industrial Grade Temperature and Humidity Sensor](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/101990644/11681294)、[Grove - Light Sensor v1.2](https://www.digikey.cn/zh/products/detail/seeed-technology-co-ltd/101020132/6558656) 任务6：综合实践（选做，非必做）：从以下任务要求中，任选一个完成，也可以根据自己的兴趣爱好和能力特长，自定义难度相仿的任务并完成。 ■ **分任务2：温湿度数据记录仪** 定时记录温湿度传感器的值，并展示出来。可记录到开发板内置存储中，也可以通过物联网服务发送数据到云端。本项目视频及源码： - 视频 [【得捷Follow me第3期】+ 任务成果视频展示](https://training.eeworld.com.cn/video/38572) - 源码 [【得捷Follow me第3期】+ 任务成果代码展示](https://download.eeworld.com.cn/detail/shazhongjin/630228) # 开箱及展示 # 任务成果展示及说明 ## 任务1：使用MicroPython系统熟悉Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3开发板基本操作，安装esptool，并给开发板刷写MicroPython系统，完成入门程序的运行 ### 一、熟悉Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 开发板 Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3是一款基于 Espressif ESP32-C3 Wi-Fi/蓝牙双模芯片的 IoT 迷你开发板。ESP32-C3 是一款32 位 RISC-V CPU，具有强大的计算能力，包含FPU（浮点运算单元），可进行32 位单精度运算。它具有出色的射频性能，支持IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi和蓝牙 5 (LE)协议。正如其名，Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3具有小巧精致的外形，还可通过表面贴装整合到更复杂的PCB上。 **特性** • 强大的 CPU：ESP32-C3，32 位 RISC-V 单核处理器，运行频率高达 160 MHz • 完整的WiFi子系统：符合IEEE 802.11b/g/n协议，支持Station模式、SoftAP模式、SoftAP+Station模式、混杂模式 • 蓝牙 LE 子系统：支持蓝牙 5 和蓝牙网状网络的功能 • 超低功耗：深度睡眠功耗约43μA • 更好的射频性能：可连接外部射频天线 • 电池充电芯片：支持锂电池充放电管理 • 丰富的片上资源：400KB SRAM、4MB板载闪存 • 超小尺寸：小至拇指 (20x17.5mm) XIAO 系列经典外形，适用于可穿戴设备和小型项目 • 可靠的安全功能：支持 AES-128/256、哈希、RSA、HMAC、数字签名和安全启动的加密硬件加速器 • 丰富的接口：1xI2C、1xSPI、2xUART、11xGPIO(PWM)、4xADC、1xJTAG • 单面元件布局、支持表面贴装设计 --- 参考资料： [Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3 官方资料](https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/XIAO_ESP32C3_Getting_Started/#hardware-overview "Getting Started with Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3") ### 二、下载esptool、esp32c3 MicroPython固件 1. 下载esptool工具百度搜索esptool，选择github搜索结果。点击Releases Version 4.6.2，进入后点击[esptool-v4.6.2-win64.zip](https://github.com/espressif/esptool/releases/download/v4.6.2/esptool-v4.6.2-win64.zip)开始下载。因为我使用的系统是windows，大家可以根据自己的操作系统来选择下载。下载后保存待用。 2. 下载ESP32C3 MicroPython固件百度搜索MicroPython，选择MicroPython官网搜索结果。选择ESP32-C3，点击下载Releases v1.21.0 (2023-10-05) .bin，下载后待用。 ### 三、将MicroPython刷入到Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3开发板中 1. 将开发板连接电脑，点击设备管理器查看开发板的端口号。 2. 在MicroPython固件和esptool所在文件夹打开powershell 或命令行，输入命令清除闪存。 ``` powershell .\esptool.exe --chip esp32c3 --port COM3 erase_flash ``` 3. 再此输入命令开始刷写固件，待提示“Hard resetting via RTS pin..”刷写成功。 ``` powershell .\esptool.exe --chip esp32c3 --port COM3 --baud 460800 write_flash -z 0x0 .\ESP32_GENERIC_C3-20231005-v1.21.0.bin ``` *COM3 为你自己电脑上开发板的端口号；* *.\ESP32_GENERIC_C3-20231005-v1.21.0.bin 为你下载的MicroPython固件* ### 四、完成入门程序运行 1. 下载安装Thonny，这里需要安装4.1.4版本，其他版本在安装ssd1306库时会报错。 2. 选择解释器 Micropython (ESP32) and Port。 3. 进入“工具”——“管理包”，在包管理工具中搜索并安装ssd1306库。 4. 复制官方提供的 [示例](https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/XIAO_ESP32C3_MicroPython/#demo-1-light-an-oled-screen "示例") 点击运行。 --- 参考资料： [Getting Started | Seeed Studio Wiki](https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/XIAO_ESP32C3_MicroPython/#demo-1-light-an-oled-screen "Getting Started | Seeed Studio Wiki") ## 任务2：驱动扩展板上的OLED屏幕任务要点：使用扩展板上的OLED屏幕显示文字和图形 ### 一、驱动扩展板 0.96" OLED屏幕 1. 点击包管理工具，安装SSD1306 OLED库如下图所示。 2. 学习官网示例及查找SSD1306 OLED屏幕驱动的主要成员和方法。 ```python import time from machine import Pin, SoftI2C import ssd1306 import math # ESP8266 Pin assignment i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(7), sda=Pin(6)) oled_width = 128 oled_height = 64 oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c) oled.fill(0) # Clear the screen oled.text("Hello, Seeder!", 10, 15) oled.text("/////", 30, 40) oled.text("(`3`)y", 30, 55) oled.show() # Show the text ``` ```python # 主要从GPT上获得有部分可能无法使用。 width - 屏幕宽度,单位像素 height - 屏幕高度,单位像素 fill(color) - 用某个颜色填充整个屏幕 fill_rect(x, y, width, height, color) - 用颜色填充指定区域 pixel(x, y, color) - 设置指定坐标点的颜色 scroll(dx, dy) - 滚动显示内容 text(string, x, y, color) - 在指定位置显示文本 show() - 更新显示 invert(invert) - 反色显示 rotate(rotate) - 旋转屏幕方向 contrast(contrast) - 设置对比度 hline(x, y, width, color) - 绘制水平线 vline(x, y, height, color) - 绘制垂直线 rectangle(x1, y1, x2, y2, color) - 绘制矩形 line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color) - 绘制线段 bitmap(image, x, y, color) - 显示位图图像 draw_image_part(bitmap, x, y, start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y) - 显示图像片段 ``` ### 二、任务设计本任务使用屏幕实现一个贪吃蛇小游戏，通过游戏界面展示、蛇和食物的绘制来达到本次任务学习的目的。使用核心板的BOOT Button为游戏开始按键，扩展板的User Button为贪吃蛇转弯按键。每次按下User Button蛇会顺时针旋转90°。游戏中控制蛇允许穿墙，蛇头一但撞到身体时游戏结束，并在游戏结束后统计本局游戏分数。 ### 三、代码展示 ```python import time,ssd1306,math,random from machine import Pin, SoftI2C # ESP8266 Pin assignment i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(7), sda=Pin(6)) oled_width = 128 oled_height = 64 oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c) WIDTH = 128 HEIGHT = 64 # 配置引脚 boot_pin = Pin(9, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) move_pin = Pin(3, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) startgame = False endgame = False snake_pos = [[0,0],[-1,0],[-2,0],[-3,0],[-4,0]] food_pos = [0,0] # 方向 0右 1下 2左 3上 direction = 0 def init_game(): spawn_food() print("游戏开始!") def spawn_food(): global food_pos food_pos = [random.randint(0,WIDTH-1), random.randint(0,HEIGHT-1)] def draw(): oled.fill(0) for p in snake_pos: oled.pixel(p[0], p[1], 1) oled.pixel(*food_pos, 2) oled.show() def check_cross(value): if value[0] > 128: value[0] = 0 if value[0] < 0: value[0] = 128 if value[1] > 64: value[1] = 0 if value[1] < 0: value[1] = 64 return value def check_collision(list): global endgame for pos in snake_pos: if pos == list: endgame = True print("游戏结束") def move_snake(): global direction global snake_pos # 判断移动按钮是否被按下 if move_pin.value() == 0: if direction == 3: direction = 0 else: direction = direction + 1 # 判断移动方向 if direction == 0: new_head = [snake_pos[0][0] + 1, snake_pos[0][1]] if direction == 1: new_head = [snake_pos[0][0], snake_pos[0][1] + 1] if direction == 2: new_head = [snake_pos[0][0] - 1, snake_pos[0][1]] if direction == 3: new_head = [snake_pos[0][0] , snake_pos[0][1] - 1] print(f"下一点移动坐标:{new_head}") # 检查自身碰撞 check_collision(new_head) snake_pos.insert(0, new_head) snake_pos = list(map(check_cross, snake_pos)) if new_head == food_pos: spawn_food() else: snake_pos.pop() draw() while True: if endgame: oled.fill(0) oled.hline(0,0,128,1) oled.hline(0,63,128,1) oled.vline(0,0,64,1) oled.vline(127,0,64,1) oled.text("Game Over" ,30,15) score = len(snake_pos) - 5 oled.text(f"score {score}" ,35,45) oled.show() else: if not startgame: oled.fill(0) oled.hline(0,0,128,1) oled.hline(0,63,128,1) oled.vline(0,0,64,1) oled.vline(127,0,64,1) oled.text("Follow me 3" ,20,15) oled.text("Snake" ,40,30) oled.text("Press Boot" ,20,45) oled.show() if boot_pin.value() == 0: startgame = True init_game() oled.fill(0) oled.text("Readly ~~" ,20,30) oled.show() print("准备 ~~") time.sleep(1) oled.fill(0) oled.text("Go !!" ,20,30) oled.show() print("开始 !!") time.sleep(1) if startgame: print(f"蛇身体坐标：{snake_pos}" ) print(f"食物坐标：{food_pos}") move_snake() time.sleep(0.2) ``` ### 四、演示 [localvideo]8e1932473a21ec4496f937701c3a7394[/localvideo] ## 任务3：控制蜂鸣器播放音乐使用Seeed Studio XIAO ESP32C3控制蜂鸣器发出不同频率的声音，并播放一段音乐 ### 一、驱动Buzzer（蜂鸣器） Seeed Studio Expansion Board Base for XIAO 扩展板集成了，无源蜂鸣器可以更改 PMW 频率以发出不同的哔哔声以获得“蜂鸣器音乐”。 ``` python import machine # 获取buzzer对象 buzzer_pin = machine.Pin(5, machine.Pin.OUT) buzzer = machine.PWM(buzzer_pin) # 设置声音的占空比 buzzer.duty(512) # 设置声音频率 buzzer.freq(current_note) # 设置时间间隔 time.sleep_ms(wait) ``` ### 二、将简谱转化为简谱字符串 1. 音高转化为字符串 | 音高 | 简谱 | 字符串 | | ------- | ---- | ------ | | 高音 do | | `1 | | 中音 do | 1 | 1 | | 低音 do | | ,1 | 2. 音的时值转化为字符串 | 时值 | 简谱 | 字符串 | | ------------ | ------------------ | --------- | | 四分音符 | 1 | 1 | | 二分音符 | 1 - | 1\- | | 全音符 | 1 - - - | 1\-\-\- | | 八分音符 | 1 | 1\_ | | 十六分音符 | 1(双下划线) | 1\_ \_ | | 三十二分音符 | 1(三下划线) | 1\_ \_ \_ | | 附点四分音符 | 1· | 1\. | | 附点八分音符 | 1· | 1\_\. | | | 1 2 | 1\_ 2\_ | 3. 休止符转化字符串 | 休止符 | 简谱 | 字符串 | | ------------ | ------------------ | --------- | | 休止符 | 0 | 0 | 4. 将简谱转化为字符串 ``` python notation = "0 0 6_ 7_ | `1. 7_ `1 `3 | 7-- 3 | 6. 5_ 6 `1 | 5-- 2_ 3_ | 4. 3_ 4_ `1. | 3. 2_ 3_ `1. | 7. 5_ 5 7 | 7-- 6_ 7_ | `1. 7_ `1 `3 | 7-- 3 | 6. 5_ 6 `1 | 5-- 3_ 3_ | 4 `1_ 7. `1 | `2 `3_ `1_ `1- |`1_ 7_ 6 7 5 | 6-- `1_ `2_| `3. `2_ `3 `5 | `2-- 5 | `1. 7_ `1 `3 | `3-- 5_ 5_ | 6_ 7_ `1 7_ `1_ `2 | `1. 5_ 5- | `4 `3 `2 `1 | `3-- `3 | `6- `5- | `3_ `2 `1-- | `2 `1_ `2_ `2 `5 | `3-- `3 | `6- `5- | `3_ `2_ `1-- | `2 `1_ `2_ `2 7 | 6--- | 6--- |" ``` ### 三、将简谱字符串转化为频率、时长 ``` python # 简谱字符串转化为频率、时长 # https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33015241/article/details/130160768 def translate(notation): freq_time = [[],[]] i = 0 j = 0 symbol = 0 scale_spacing = 0 time_counting = False one_beat_duration = 500 # 1拍时长 time = one_beat_duration while i < len(notation): symbol = notation if symbol == '|' or symbol == ' ': i += 1 continue if symbol == ',' or symbol == '`': if symbol == ',': scale_spacing = -7 elif symbol == '`': scale_spacing = 7 if symbol >= '1' and symbol = '1' and symbol GPIO9 # MOSI -> GPIO10 # SCK -> GPIO8 # CS -> GPIO4 # 测试读取SD卡 import sdcard, os from machine import Pin,SPI spi = SPI(1, sck=Pin(8), mosi=Pin(10), miso=Pin(9)) # 获取sdcard对象 sd = sdcard.SDCard(spi, Pin(4)) # 挂载SD卡到/sd目录 os.mount(sd, '/sd') f = open('/sd/hello.txt','w') f.write('test write file to sdcard') f.close() print(os.listdir('/sd')) ``` 3. 刷新MicroPython设备文件，查看“hello.txt”是否存在。 ### 二、代码展示 ```python import os,time,ahtx0,ssd1306 from sdcard import SDCard from machine import Pin, I2C, SoftI2C,SPI,SoftSPI i2c = SoftI2C(scl=Pin(7), sda=Pin(6)) spi = SPI(1, sck=Pin(8), mosi=Pin(10), miso=Pin(9)) oled_width = 128 oled_height = 64 oled = ssd1306.SSD1306_I2C(oled_width, oled_height, i2c) # 获取传感器对象 sensor = ahtx0.AHT20(i2c) # 扩展板按键 user_button = Pin(3, Pin.IN, Pin.PULL_UP) # 获取sdcard对象 sd = SDCard(spi, Pin(4)) # 挂载SD卡到/sd目录 os.mount(sd, '/sd') tempcache = [] humicache = [] show_mode = 0 # 绘制温度线 def drawTempLine(templist): l = len(templist) - 1 x = 127 # Y 34 Is Temp 0 while l >= 0 and x >= 25: rtemplist = list(reversed(templist)) temp = rtemplist[l] tempy = -int(temp) + 34 oled.pixel(x,tempy,1) x -=1 l -= 1 # 绘制湿度线 def drawHumiLine(humilist): l = len(humilist) - 1 x = 127 # Y 34 Is Temp 0 while l >= 0 and x >= 25: rhumilist = list(reversed(humilist)) humi = rhumilist[l] humiy = -(55 / 100 * humi) + 55 oled.pixel(x,int(humiy),1) x -=1 l -= 1 # 判断文件夹是否存在 def exists(path): try: os.stat(path) return True except OSError: return False # 写入闪存 def writeflash(t,h): local_time = time.localtime() print(local_time) savepath = "/sd/Recorder" if not exists(savepath): os.mkdir(savepath) with open(f"{savepath}/{local_time[0]}{local_time[1]}{local_time[2]}.txt", 'a') as file: lines = f"{local_time[0]}-{local_time[1]}-{local_time[2]} {local_time[3]}:{local_time[4]}:{local_time[5]} 温度：{t} 湿度：{h}" + '\n' file.write(lines) while True: oled.fill(0) if user_button.value() == 0: if show_mode == 0: show_mode = 1 else: show_mode = 0 print("\nTemperature: %0.2f C" % sensor.temperature) print("Humidity: %0.2f %%" % sensor.relative_humidity) writeflash(sensor.temperature,sensor.relative_humidity) # show_mode 为0时显示温度 if show_mode == 0: oled.hline(24,55,128,1) oled.vline(24,0,56,1) oled.text("-15",0,48,1) oled.text(" 0",0,30,1) oled.text("+35",0,0,1) oled.text("T: %0.2f C" % sensor.temperature,45,57,1) tempcache.insert(0,sensor.temperature) drawTempLine(tempcache) else: oled.hline(24,55,128,1) oled.vline(24,0,56,1) oled.text(" 0",0,48,1) oled.text(" 50",0,24,1) oled.text("100",0,0,1) oled.text("H: %0.2f %%" % sensor.relative_humidity,45,57,1) humicache.insert(0,sensor.relative_humidity) drawHumiLine(humicache) oled.show() time.sleep(1) ``` ### 三、演示 [localvideo]2e1329edc8220b54fc704cd64e64e640[/localvideo] # 总结通过本期学习，熟悉了开发板从0开始刷入系统、使用IDE、以及了解MicroPython的使用，Thonny这个IDE在代码智能提示比较不足，也看了论坛中有其他大神使用vscode来操作开发板。这次较比上次还是很有收获的。也初步了解了开发的GPIO引脚的定义和使用。感谢 DigiKey得捷 | 电子工程世界EEWorld 举办的活动，祝活动越办越好！
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